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Blue Lasers Meet Tough Commercial Requirements
Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and laser diodes with wavelengths below the red ( Gallium nitride and other III-V nitride-based semiconductors have a direct band gap that is suitable for blue light-emitting devices. The band gap energy of aluminum gallium indium nitride (AlInGaN) varies between 6.2 and 2.0 eV, depending on its composition at room temperature. Therefore, using these semiconductors, we can fabricate emitters with outputs between the red and UV.
Photonics Spectra, May 1998
Detector Choices:
Whether they need to image faraway stars, microscopic organisms or bottles on an assembly line, users of imaging systems face many choices: What type of light will work best? How does color play a role? Where should I position the camera? In...
Photonics Spectra, May 1998
Fiber Amplifiers Make Steady Gains
Since the early demonstrations in 1987, optical amplifiers based on rare-earth-doped fibers have been widely recognized as key devices for achieving high-performance, high-capacity and long-distance transmission on optical fiber networks. The...
Photonics Spectra, May 1998
Laser Diodes:
In recent years, the demand for high-power laser diodes, bars and arrays has grown rapidly. Most of the applications for these near-infrared devices can significantly benefit from a combination of higher output power and longer lifetime. In...
Photonics Spectra, May 1998
Modular Lasers Improve Amplifier Testing
The commercial availability of erbium-doped fiber amplifiers has fueled the explosive growth of dense wavelength division multiplexing optical networks. These multiplexed optical systems in turn place great demands on amplifier performance. This...
Photonics Spectra, May 1998
Nonlinear Optical Crystals Improve Lasers' Flexibility
Diode-pumped, solid-state laser sources started replacing gas and ion laser sources for commercial and laboratory applications about 10 years ago, and the trend is accelerating because of progress in two areas. First, more powerful, reliable laser...
Photonics Spectra, May 1998
Photodynamic Therapy Offers New Medical Treatments
For years now, doctors have used ultraviolet lamps to treat psoriasis and to kill airborne tuberculosis bacteria, and lasers have made deep inroads as "bloodless scalpels." Recently, however, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved a...
Photonics Spectra, May 1998
Software Eliminates Guess-Work from Coating Designs
The possibility of having true global optimization for a large number of variables such as in multi-layer thin film design, has been debated for decades. A true global optimization algorithm works for a variety of different applications to find the...
Photonics Spectra, May 1998
World's Largest Laser Shoots Photonics to a New Level
It's been called the most ambitious laser project ever, a nuclear weapon deterrence insurance policy, a portal into the heart of a star and a source for inexhaustible energy. Under construction at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, the National...
Photonics Spectra, May 1998
Diode Lasers Pinpoint Pollutants
Diode-lasers have experienced limited success as environmental monitors because polluting chemicals weakly absorb light at commercially available diode-laser wavelengths. Also, although diode lasers offer one of the fastest and most sensitive ways...
Photonics Spectra, April 1998
Eco-Optics:
Since the 1980s, people have grown more aware of their surroundings, the impact of industry on the environment, and the environmentally redemptive qualities of advanced technology. Whether it's a UV lamp optimized to detect mercury and other...
Photonics Spectra, April 1998
Fiber Optic Sensors Sniff Out Chemicals
Fiber Optic Sensors Sniff Out Chemicals
Photonics Spectra, April 1998
Flexible Controller Maintains Fiber Optic Polarization
For nearly 200 years scientists and engineers have worked to exploit the inherent polarization of a light wave for mankind's benefit. From cutting edge research in laser cooling and atomic-transition gravitational wave detection to much that we take...
Photonics Spectra, April 1998
Help Wanted!
Photonics companies complain about job applicants' poor preparation while research and educational institutions complain that industry is stealing their best prospects. What is happening to the photonics job market? Where have all the engineers...
Photonics Spectra, April 1998
Lidar Helps Unravel Environmental Mysteries
From coastal waterways to Alpine summits, light detection and ranging technology demonstrates how photonics helps to unravel the mysteries of complex environmental processes while sharpening our vision of seas and skies. In Sweden, for example,...
Photonics Spectra, April 1998
Pen-type Laser Systems Mark It All
During the past 20 years, several varieties of laser marking systems have emerged. Of special note, however, is the sales volume of pen-type laser markers, which has exceeded that of anyone's expectations since. Industry estimates suggest that more...
Photonics Spectra, April 1998
Are We On Exactly The Same Wavelength?
If you have been using lasers for more than a few years, you can recall the days when the wavelength specified on a commercial diode laser was a rough estimate rather than a precise figure. As recently as the early 1990s, it was not unusual to buy...
Photonics Spectra, March 1998
Aspheres Stand Up to the Test
As optical designers tackle the challenge of improving system performance while at the same time reducing overall package size, aspheric optics undoubtedly will grow in significance. Unfortunately, just because aspheres are easy to design does not...
Photonics Spectra, March 1998
Exploring the New Communications Network
Communications networks have a ravenous appetite for capacity, flexibility and reliability. For optical networks operating at data rates of up to 10 Gb/s, a full plate of components is needed for them to live up to their full potential. This...
Photonics Spectra, March 1998
How Small is Small?
Making a baseball is less an engineering feat than an art, in which neat hand-stitched seams act as paint against the cowhide that measures 9 to 9_ in. in circumfrence, according to the official rules of Major League Baseball. For manufacturers who...
Photonics Spectra, March 1998
Micromachining:
The miniaturization of mechanical and electronic components is revolutionizing modern biomedical, aerospace and industrial products. Laser micromachining is emerging as a critical manufacturing process for these components especially when dealing...
Photonics Spectra, March 1998
Photonic Techniques Pay Big Dividends in Process Control
In industrial processing it pays to know how much of what is in the mix, which is why on-line sampling of both the amount and type of chemical constituents is critical. Only in this way can an operator know whether the mix is correct, or...
Photonics Spectra, March 1998
Choosing Lighting for Industrial Imaging: A Refined Art
As industrial imaging has grown in popularity over the past few years, so has the awareness that lighting represents a large part of a vision system's success. The primary function of lighting in industrial imaging is to make an object's features of...
Photonics Spectra, February 1998
Fundamentals of Semiconductor Lasers
Semiconductor laser diodes are the smallest, most reliable, and most efficient light source known to man. For that reason, they are commercially interesting devices. Laser diodes have created multibillion dollar industries in optical communications...
Photonics Spectra, February 1998
Industrial Imaging:
Whether it is a simple $10,000 turnkey system, or a $500,000 customized job, the industrial imaging designer faces hundreds of device options, each with a host of suppliers waving fists full of conflicting claims. Dumb versus smart frame grabbers?...
Photonics Spectra, February 1998
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