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Material May Enable Single-Source White LEDs
White LEDs are commonly made by mixing blue light from an LED chip with yellow light from a stimulated YAG phosphor. This approach works, but just a single source would streamline the process. Researchers in a team at National Tsing Hua University in Hsinchu, Taiwan, have investigated a microporous metal phosphate in an attempt to develop such a white LED. The structure of NTHU-4 features extra-large channels; the disordered part of the framework is shown in pink. NTHU-4Y and NTHU-4W emit...
Photonics Spectra, August 2005
Measuring the Spectral Response of IR Cameras
In the research and development and government test range communities, the need for calibrated, scientific-grade infrared cameras has grown because of demanding, leading-edge applications such as plume and missile target signature measurements and...
Photonics Spectra, August 2005
Multicolor LEDs Get a Boost from Quantum Dots
Much attention in research communities is focused on generating light using semiconductor nanocrystals, also known as quantum dots. One benefit of this method is that emission color can be controlled simply by changing the size of the dots. An...
Photonics Spectra, August 2005
Optical Microscopy Reveals Benefits of Strain for Spintronics
In experiments at Los Alamos National Laboratory in New Mexico, Scott A. Crooker and Darryl L.G. Smith have demonstrated that strain can be used to control the spin of electrons flowing in bulk GaAs. They monitored the effects of applied electrical,...
Photonics Spectra, August 2005
Optically Active Quantum Dots Embedded in Nanowires
Investigators at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich have reported the fabrication of quantum dots in nanowires that display a level of brightness an order of magnitude higher than self-assembled InAs dots. They suggest that the work...
Photonics Spectra, August 2005
Packaging Advances High-Power White LEDs
High-power white LEDs are in high demand for automotive use and are a potential replacement for the incandescent lightbulb. But problems with size, heat dissipation and efficiency have taken researchers back to the drawing board to come up with new...
Photonics Spectra, August 2005
Silicon Photodiode Integrated Circuits Ready for Mass-Market Applications
The ever-increasing data rates of modern telecommunications networks demand low-cost optical interconnects between or within electronic systems to overcome the bottleneck of electrical interconnects. The interface between optical and electrical...
Photonics Spectra, August 2005
Using the Modulation Transfer Function on the Factory Floor
Although resolution has historically been a dominant parameter of image quality, it is clear that contrast also plays an instrumental role, particularly in terms of the speed and accuracy of machine vision systems. It should be noted that resolution...
Photonics Spectra, August 2005
Alternate Packaging Improves White LEDs
Various techniques for boosting the performance of white LEDs are being considered to reach the target of luminous efficacy of 150 lm/W by 2012. Investigators at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute’s Lighting Research Center in Troy, N.Y., have...
Photonics Spectra, July 2005
Cree and Sumitomo Expand Distribution Agreement
LED manufacturer Cree Inc. of Durham, N.C., has announced that Sumitomo Corp. of Tokyo will purchase $200 million of its products during Cree’s fiscal year ending June 2006. The distribution agreement, which is subject to the demands of...
Photonics Spectra, July 2005
Excimer Laser Produces Nanobump Arrays
Two-dimensional arrays of 260-nm-diameter silicon bumps have been fabricated by exposing 1-μm-diameter polystyrene beads on silicon wafers to ultraviolet radiation from a KrF laser. Researchers at East China Normal University in Shanghai and at...
Photonics Spectra, July 2005
Get a Charge, Get a Quantum Dot
Researchers at Harvard University in Cambridge, Mass., have demonstrated carbon nanotube-based quantum dots that can be defined and controlled electrostatically and could be used for quantum computing systems. Previous nanotube-quantum dot...
Photonics Spectra, July 2005
Getting the Picture on Imaging Software
To hear Kyle Voosen tell it, there are really only two places to be when talking about industrial and machine vision applications. Machine vision products manager at National Instruments Corp. in Austin, Texas, Voosen noted that smart cameras and...
Photonics Spectra, July 2005
How Can Quantum Dots Be Used?
Quantum dots are so versatile that most of their applications have not yet been realized. A few in development are: Solar cells. Solar cells made from silicon can be stable and efficient, but they are expensive to make. Solar cells that employ...
Photonics Spectra, July 2005
Making Light from a Grain of Sand
LED manufacturers have been working for years to replace the incandescent light. Among their many challenges is that LEDs dissipate a lot of heat, making them inappropriate for some applications. They also have found it difficult to produce white...
Photonics Spectra, July 2005
Optical Conveyor Belt Transports Submicron Objects
Investigators at the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic in Brno and at the University of St. Andrews in the UK have used a sliding standing wave formed by counterpropagating Bessel beams to trap and move series of tiny polystyrene beads. The...
Photonics Spectra, July 2005
Painting Nanowires Yields High-Speed Circuits
The production of circuits and processors from silicon substrates is expensive, and the required high-temperature fabrication process is not always compatible with a variety of materials. Researchers at Harvard University in Cambridge, Mass., have...
Photonics Spectra, July 2005
Photonic Instrumentation Aids Cosmetic Measurements
As with all manufacturers of colored products, cosmetics companies use specialized measuring instrumentation to assist in quality control. However, cosmetics present unique challenges: Lipsticks and foundation creams are difficult to measure with...
Photonics Spectra, July 2005
Polymer Microlenses Added to Micropixelated UV LED
Proposed applications of LEDs having micron-scale pixel elements include microdisplays and biological and chemical sensors. Now scientists at the University of Strathclyde in Glasgow, UK, have integrated a microlens array and a matrix-addressable,...
Photonics Spectra, July 2005
Quantum Dots and Quantum Wells Go Head-to-Head
In the pursuit of more efficient GaAs-based emitters for telecommunications applications, researchers at Laboratorio Nazionale TASC-INFM and the University of Trieste, both in Italy, have performed a comparison of the photoluminescence of InAsN...
Photonics Spectra, July 2005
Quantum Dots: Small Structures Poised to Break Big
Imagine a mechanical part that can tell when it is worn out. Or an ink that is impossible to counterfeit. Or an infrared paint that can help to distinguish friends from enemies using night-vision equipment. These seemingly unconnected...
Photonics Spectra, July 2005
Quantum-Dot Focal Plane Array Has Two-Color Capability
Mid- (3 to 5 μm) and long-wave (8 to 12 μm) infrared focal plane arrays have found a place in numerous security and military applications that require night-vision capability. Single-color detectors have been common, but monolithic...
Photonics Spectra, July 2005
Raman Lasers Offer Power and Wavelength Versatility
Have you ever wanted to convert your laser to another color at the flick of a switch? Perhaps you are a dermatologist, wanting to quickly move from treating spider veins on the nose to acne or spots of hypopigmentation on sun-damaged cheeks. The...
Photonics Spectra, July 2005
The Pros and Cons of Protected and Surface Coatings for High-Phase-Thickness Applications
Metal salt compounds, or dielectrics, produce thin-film coatings with precise spectral control. Because they are soft and require glass coverslips laminated to the coating substrate to protect them from damage, they are called protected coatings....
Photonics Spectra, July 2005
The US Photonics Job Market
Research on people’s views of their job brings out some interesting perceptions, and this year’s US photonics job salary study is no different. After several years of small gains in salary for most positions, you would expect individuals to be...
Photonics Spectra, July 2005
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