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LED Light Combiner Allows High-Intensity Headlight Design
High luminosity, low power consumption and longevity are among the characteristics that make LEDs ideal lighting sources for applications such as automobile headlights. However, several hurdles remain to achieving an efficient optical design, including color and luminance variations among the LEDs that are visible in a headlight’s beam pattern. A team of researchers from Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, LPI Europe in Madrid and LPI LLC in Altadena, Calif., has addressed these and other...
Photonics Spectra, February 2007
Light Wreaks Havoc with Automotive Display Standards
The display that a driver sees inside a vehicle differs vastly from one car model to the next. Display standards — in terms of luminance, legibility, contrast, font size and more — are of concern to automakers. A group with the Society of...
Photonics Spectra, February 2007
Making a Different Point for Better Images
Takashi Kodama and Hiroyuki Ohtani at Tokyo Institute of Technology made a point of improving microscopy imaging by developing a novel probe for apertureless near-field scanning optical microscopy. Standard tips used in the technique are made by...
Photonics Spectra, February 2007
Making Lasers from Dust
Anyone with optics experience knows that dust should be avoided as much as possible. It can contaminate optical surfaces, degrading performance and, sometimes — on the output facet of a diode laser, for example — cause disastrous optical damage....
Photonics Spectra, February 2007
Nanoantennae Show Promise for Subwavelength Optical Microscopy
Researchers have fabricated optical nanoantennae on the end face of a near-field probe. Using single fluorescent molecules, they measured the antennae’s resonance, excitation conditions and field localization, showing that the constructs are similar...
Photonics Spectra, February 2007
New LED Format Is the Pits
The latest LED innovation literally is the pits. Researchers in Takashi Egawa’s group at Nagoya Institute of Technology in Japan have increased the efficiency of gallium nitride LEDs by fabricating them with densely packed V-shaped craters that...
Photonics Spectra, February 2007
The Evolution of Automotive Displays
Automotive displays have come a long way from the analog electromechanical needle moving in front of printed numerals on a contrasting background. The mechanical modification of the indicator dials is a story in itself, with dark lettering on a...
Photonics Spectra, February 2007
The Importance of Color in Delivering Information
Advancements in lighting sources and display technologies have enabled the development of new PDA-size automotive instrument clusters. In a space of just 3 to 4 inches, graphical symbols and different colors provide the driver with a range of...
Photonics Spectra, February 2007
Trends in Laser Damage
The demand for high-energy laser systems has increased steadily in recent years, driven by applications in defense, semiconductor processing and basic research, among others. The systems range from those that are continuous wave (CW) to those with...
Photonics Spectra, February 2007
Turning the Windshield into a Display
A major problem with ever-more-sophisticated automobiles is the growing amount of information provided to drivers. Increased information in dashboard displays diverts eyes from the road, creating a distraction that can lead to accidents. Head-up...
Photonics Spectra, February 2007
Zinc Phosphide Nanowires for Photon Detection
Although not dirt, zinc phosphide is cheap and abundant. Carefully synthesized structures of the material also have good optical efficiency and resist the buildup of an oxide layer on their surface. Together, these properties give the substance...
Photonics Spectra, February 2007
A Hybrid Silicon Laser
Silicon photonics holds the potential to create low-cost, highly integrated optical components using the same CMOS-based manufacturing techniques that have revolutionized the electronics industry over the past 40 years. This potential is important,...
Photonics Spectra, January 2007
A Laser’s Force Dampens Cantilever Action
David M. Weld and Aharon Kapitulnik of Stanford University in California recently demonstrated that even low-power lasers pack a punch. Using laser-driven radiation pressure force-feedback, they reduced the effective quality factor and temperature...
Photonics Spectra, January 2007
A Wealth of Opportunities from a Little Generosity
At heart, I’m a scientist and an engineer. I enjoy the process of figuring out how things work and how various pieces fit together to make an efficiently functioning system. The challenge of solving problems, whether in optics, information...
Photonics Spectra, January 2007
Cavity-Enhanced Absorption Spectroscopy
Detects Geothermal Gases
Gas phase chromatography and mass spectrometry often are used to analyze volcanic emissions because of their ability to detect low levels of trace gases. However, these techniques are limited by their instrumental complexity and inability to...
Photonics Spectra, January 2007
Converging Complexity Challenges Educators to Prepare Tomorrow’s Innovators
Although there is much publicity and debate in the US over the outsourcing of engineering jobs to countries that pay lower wages, the problem is the dearth of graduating engineers for those jobs.1 The challenge to US educators remains the same...
Photonics Spectra, January 2007
Correlating Excitation and Emission Wavelengths Yields Analysis of Complex Chemical Environments
Spectroscopically scrutinizing chemicals within complex environments — such as inside cometary matter or combustible materials — is challenging because many molecules absorb and emit at similar wavelengths, confounding spectral analysis....
Photonics Spectra, January 2007
Current Trends in Machine Vision
More than 25 years after machine vision appeared in the industrial automation marketplace, the technology has established itself as a necessary part of high-quality, cost-effective manufacturing. Over the past decade, the capabilities promised from...
Photonics Spectra, January 2007
Fast Light, Slow Light and Optical Precursors: What Does It All Mean?
The speed of light in vacuum (c ≈ 3 × 108 m/s) is an important physical constant that appears in Maxwell’s theory of electromagnetism. For this reason, scientists have endeavored to measure it with very high precision, making it...
Photonics Spectra, January 2007
Forecast for 2007: Nano Gets Big
Not long ago, nanometer-scale positioning was a laboratory curiosity. Today, the robust and responsive nanopositioning provided by piezoelectric actuation is more vital than ever in the lab and has become an essential commodity for industries...
Photonics Spectra, January 2007
Intrazeolite PbS Quantum Dots with Nonlinear Properties Observed
At Sogang University in Seoul, South Korea, scientists have successfully incorporated lead sulfide quantum dots into zeolite-Y films and found high levels of third-order nonlinear optical activity. The material could be used for optical switches,...
Photonics Spectra, January 2007
Machine Vision in Germany and Europe
Machine vision technology remains the key to quality, productivity and competitiveness in production. It also is extending beyond the traditional factory applications and beginning to conquer new markets such as robotic vision. In Europe and,...
Photonics Spectra, January 2007
New Laser Export Controls Set to Take Effect
The Wassenaar export controls exist to limit the shipment of products that have potential military applications to non-Wassenaar countries whose military and/or political motivations are unclear. The 40 Wassenaar countries (see table) agree on a...
Photonics Spectra, January 2007
Playing Rough to Get the Light Out
Researchers at the Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute of Daejeon, South Korea, have shown that, when it comes to getting a silicon quantum dot LED to shine, it helps to play rough — at least with the surface. The group enhanced...
Photonics Spectra, January 2007
Searching for the Source of Stradivari’s Sublime Sound
Musicians and listeners alike have debated for centuries why instruments crafted by Italian master Antonio Stradivari have such a sublime sound. Modern technology may at last have found the answer. Researchers used solid-state nuclear magnetic...
Photonics Spectra, January 2007
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