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Interlaced Goes Digital
Although industrial digital cameras for the machine vision market were introduced nearly 20 years ago, about 65 percent of all camera units sold in North America are still analog, according to the Automated Imaging Association. The main reason is that, whereas most new system designs are based on digital cameras, updating legacy systems based on analog technology has proved difficult for many industrial users. The problem is that the majority of analog cameras operating in older machine...
Photonics Spectra, June 2007
Internal Digital Signature Enables Data Protection
In this age of increasing security needs, data authentication is increasingly important. In the past, methods such as computer-based cryptography were used, but the image and the related data could be manipulated on a computer or changed before they...
Photonics Spectra, June 2007
Lasers May Brighten the Solar Cell Market
It is hard to ignore the many news stories about rising oil prices, higher energy costs, severe weather and concerns over global climate change. The emerging consensus is that we must reduce our reliance on fossil fuels and switch to cleaner forms...
Photonics Spectra, June 2007
Market Forecast: Positive for Machine Vision
The machine vision and imaging industry experienced strong growth in 2006, a trend that is expected to continue in 2007, according to a study published recently by the Automated Imaging Association (AIA) of Ann Arbor, Mich. The report, titled...
Photonics Spectra, June 2007
Measuring LED Junction Temperature
Although LED performance has improved tremendously in the past 10 years, thermal management remains a major concern for manufacturers and end users alike. Running LEDs at elevated junction temperatures is detrimental to performance over both the...
Photonics Spectra, June 2007
Microscope Slide Enables ~70-nm Resolution
Conventional optical microscopes can resolve objects on the order of only 200 nm because they are limited by the diffraction of light waves, meaning that small things such as DNA and viruses cannot be seen. Although both scanning probe and electron...
Photonics Spectra, June 2007
Photonics for Art’s Sake
Art may be for art’s sake, but that doesn’t mean that paintings and other works of art can’t benefit from photonic-based tools and equipment. For example, the challenge of preserving and restoring artwork from the past and present is made easier by...
Photonics Spectra, June 2007
Seven-Year Update Drives National Laser Safety Standard Forward
As a result of advances in laser devices and their applications both experimentally and in the field, the first update in seven years to the American National Standard for Safe Use of Lasers (ANSI Z136.1) has just been released. Because the standard...
Photonics Spectra, June 2007
Ultrabroadband Light Source Helps Pinpoint Structure of Organic Semiconductors
Organic semiconductor materials — used to make photovoltaic cells, LEDs and similar devices — can be quickly and efficiently made but often have surfaces composed of both amorphous and crystalline material states. They would perform better if they...
Photonics Spectra, June 2007
Annealing and Activating Silicon Nanowires with a Laser
In electronics, smaller is almost always better. That has been further illustrated by a recent study on annealing silicon nanowires by University of California, Berkeley, researchers in collaboration with Nanosys Inc. of Palo Alto, Calif. Silicon...
Photonics Spectra, May 2007
Are Quantum Dots on the Brink of Their Big Break?
The period at the end of this sentence would be colossal next to a quantum dot — like a flea clinging to a good-size dog. As many as a million quantum dots could perhaps fit within the narrow confines of this circle: o. In other words, quantum...
Photonics Spectra, May 2007
Ensuring Garbage In, Good Food Out
In sustainable and organic agriculture, farmers typically add carbon-rich soil amendments to boost nitrogen and to maintain organic matter levels. These amendments -- manure and decaying plants -- undergo fairly rapid decomposition as soil microbes...
Photonics Spectra, May 2007
Eye Safety in the Laser Lab
Thinking about installing a laser safety interlock on the door to your Class 4 laser lab? If so, you might want to give that decision some careful consideration. A safety interlock that stops the laser or blocks the laser beam (with a shutter) if...
Photonics Spectra, May 2007
Fiber Laser Simulators: Challenges and Opportunities
From micron-size transistors to jumbo jets, all technological marvels have been simulated at some point in their development. And not only technology: Weather, stock markets and even the future of human society are predicted by computers — although...
Photonics Spectra, May 2007
Following Flow by Mapping Heat
Researchers at Zhejiang University of Technology in Hangzhou, China, have found that a little bit of warmth can go a long way when it comes to understanding the distillation process. The group used a thermal infrared camera to track the flow of warm...
Photonics Spectra, May 2007
Identifying Atoms by Feel
Atomic force microscopes (AFMs) and other scanning probe devices can map surfaces on an atomic scale but have not been able to distinguish one type of atom from another using purely mechanical means. Now researchers have used an AFM to identify...
Photonics Spectra, May 2007
Laser Heat Forms Nanobubbles
Boiling water was thought to be a well-understood phenomenon until we entered the age of nanomaterials. Now the concept of nanobubbles, which collect on a surface when it is heated to boiling, is under study. A team from the National Institute of...
Photonics Spectra, May 2007
Laser-Induced Fluid Flow
Lasers can do many things, including pushing particles and trapping them. Theoretical physicists from the University of Chicago predicted that lasers also can influence fluid flow. Together with experimentalists from the University of Bordeaux I in...
Photonics Spectra, May 2007
Nanoscale ‘Pins’ Enhance SERS
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is still a young technique, but it shows promise for elemental and chemical analysis in the semiconductor and biology fields, among others. It has been well established that using silver or gold nanoscale...
Photonics Spectra, May 2007
Seeing Smaller Features with Surface Plasmons
Imaging using surface plasmon resonance — electron oscillations induced by light at a metal/dielectric interface — can reveal hidden features such as minute changes in biochemical structures. However, surface plasmon resonance imaging can be fuzzy...
Photonics Spectra, May 2007
Selecting the Appropriate Optical Mount
When engineers are choosing optics, a common mistake they make is overlooking the integration of optical mounts into their systems. There are a variety of mounts available for holding lenses, prisms, mirrors, filters and other optical components....
Photonics Spectra, May 2007
Silver Nanostructures with Unique Optical Properties Created
Silver nanobars and nanorice with the ability to scatter and absorb light in the near-infrared have been produced by controlling the assembly of silver atoms in solution. These nanostructures could compete with nanorods made of gold as contrasting...
Photonics Spectra, May 2007
Thin-Disk Lasers Come of Age
The thin-disk laser is a diode-pumped solid-state laser that produces high output power with both high efficiency and excellent beam quality. Since the first demonstration of the principle, by Adolf Giesen at the University of Stuttgart in 1993,1...
Photonics Spectra, May 2007
Three-Band White LED Shows Stability and High Color Rendering Index
LED technology has advanced to the point where white LEDs are bright enough for general illumination, yet they are not without problems. Traditionally they have been developed by combining red, green and blue LEDs, but the problem with this approach...
Photonics Spectra, May 2007
Twisting the light away
Reducing the size of spectroscopic biosensors by integrating waveguides into microchannel systems is generally a good idea, but it is limited because the beam from the light source typically intersects with the analyte at a relatively small window....
Photonics Spectra, May 2007
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