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Features

Lidar Helps Unravel Environmental Mysteries

From coastal waterways to Alpine summits, light detection and ranging technology demonstrates how photonics helps to unravel the mysteries of complex environmental processes while sharpening our vision of seas and skies. In Sweden, for example, researchers at the Defense Research Establishment, Linkoping, are using a frequency doubled Nd:YAG lidar system to map subsurface depths in coastal regions for safer marine navigation. "We have a jagged coastline in the Baltic," said Ove Steinvall laser...

Photonics Spectra, April 1998

Pen-type Laser Systems Mark It All

During the past 20 years, several varieties of laser marking systems have emerged. Of special note, however, is the sales volume of pen-type laser markers, which has exceeded that of anyone's expectations since. Industry estimates suggest that more...

Photonics Spectra, April 1998

Are We On Exactly The Same Wavelength?

If you have been using lasers for more than a few years, you can recall the days when the wavelength specified on a commercial diode laser was a rough estimate rather than a precise figure. As recently as the early 1990s, it was not unusual to buy...

Photonics Spectra, March 1998

Aspheres Stand Up to the Test

As optical designers tackle the challenge of improving system performance while at the same time reducing overall package size, aspheric optics undoubtedly will grow in significance. Unfortunately, just because aspheres are easy to design does not...

Photonics Spectra, March 1998

Exploring the New Communications Network

Communications networks have a ravenous appetite for capacity, flexibility and reliability. For optical networks operating at data rates of up to 10 Gb/s, a full plate of components is needed for them to live up to their full potential. This...

Photonics Spectra, March 1998

How Small is Small?

Making a baseball is less an engineering feat than an art, in which neat hand-stitched seams act as paint against the cowhide that measures 9 to 9_ in. in circumfrence, according to the official rules of Major League Baseball. For manufacturers who...

Photonics Spectra, March 1998

Micromachining:

The miniaturization of mechanical and electronic components is revolutionizing modern biomedical, aerospace and industrial products. Laser micromachining is emerging as a critical manufacturing process for these components especially when dealing...

Photonics Spectra, March 1998

Photonic Techniques Pay Big Dividends in Process Control

In industrial processing it pays to know how much of what is in the mix, which is why on-line sampling of both the amount and type of chemical constituents is critical. Only in this way can an operator know whether the mix is correct, or...

Photonics Spectra, March 1998

Choosing Lighting for Industrial Imaging: A Refined Art

As industrial imaging has grown in popularity over the past few years, so has the awareness that lighting represents a large part of a vision system's success. The primary function of lighting in industrial imaging is to make an object's features of...

Photonics Spectra, February 1998

Fundamentals of Semiconductor Lasers

Semiconductor laser diodes are the smallest, most reliable, and most efficient light source known to man. For that reason, they are commercially interesting devices. Laser diodes have created multibillion dollar industries in optical communications...

Photonics Spectra, February 1998

Industrial Imaging:

Whether it is a simple $10,000 turnkey system, or a $500,000 customized job, the industrial imaging designer faces hundreds of device options, each with a host of suppliers waving fists full of conflicting claims. Dumb versus smart frame grabbers?...

Photonics Spectra, February 1998

Machine Vision's Next Frontier:

As the demands on machine vision continue to increase, the last year has seen two distinct phenomena: The rise of the so-called "smart camera" and the push to develop networked camera systems. These two megatrends in industrial vision are the result...

Photonics Spectra, February 1998

Microlasers:

The progressive replacement of gas lasers and flashlamp-pumped solid-state lasers by more efficient diode-pumped solid-state lasers started in laboratories more than a decade ago. Pumped with a 1-W CW diode laser, passively Q-switched microlasers...

Photonics Spectra, February 1998

All Solid-State Lasers:

All-solid-state sources are comparable to high-power diode lasers with a few notable exceptions: they provide improved mode quality, energy storage for Q-switched applications, mode-locking for ultrashort pulses and alternative wavelengths. Going...

Photonics Spectra, January 1998

Aspheric Lenses:

In the past, high precision aspheric optics have been produced on a "one-off" basis using highly skilled and labor intensive processes. Today, manufacturers of advanced semiconductor processing equipment are looking to incorporate aspheric surfaces...

Photonics Spectra, January 1998

Diode Lasers:

For years, scientists have searched for the secret to cheap, compact blue lasers for high-density optical storage. Blue diode lasers' short wavelength offers a small focused spot size, which would maximize the density and transfer rate of stored...

Photonics Spectra, January 1998

Fiber Gratings:

An exciting recent development in fiber-optic technology is the ability to holographically imprint diffraction gratings into the core of an optical fiber using intense UV light. Today the most important communications application for fiber gratings...

Photonics Spectra, January 1998

High Harmonics Could Revolutionize Optical Science

The generation of very-short coherent x-ray pulses can be achieved using high-field effects, where a super-intense, ultrashort optical pulse nonlinearly interacts with a medium. This scheme is referred to as high-harmonic generation, and has...

Photonics Spectra, January 1998

High Power Laser Optics:

As power levels rise above 5 kW, optics become critical to the performance and reliability of laser systems. These applications demand consistent laser-quality ZnSe that is defect free and has bulk absorption at or near theoretical values. Other...

Photonics Spectra, January 1998

High-speed imagers come to the desktop

HHigh-speed video for motion analysis has gained wide acceptance over the past 15 years. The technolgy grew despite slow and arduous processes on computers built for other purposes. High-speed cameras that plug in directly to a PC could alleviate...

Photonics Spectra, January 1998

Imaging Boards:

To say that the world of imaging is evolving is an understatement in the least. Manufacturers will continue to migrate away from dedicated systems for high-end applications. This movement is only possible because high-performance processing is...

Photonics Spectra, January 1998

IR diode lasers boost telecom, material industries

Improvements to single- and multimode diode lasers have produced devices that are well suited for a diverse set of applications. During the past several years, diode lasers have achieved higher powers and higher reliabilities over an increasingly...

Photonics Spectra, January 1998

Laser Diodes:

The small size, high reliability, excellent beam quality, low price and negligible operating costs of diode lasers have made them today's most popular laser. High power devices promise to replace many other laser types, while enabling more...

Photonics Spectra, January 1998

Lens Design:

So there you are: Your company is developing a product that will incorporate an optical system which must be a custom design. And you are responsible for the optics. Assuming that you have a reasonable knowledge of geometrical optics and access to...

Photonics Spectra, January 1998

Machine Vision:

Improvements processors, software and cameras will lead to machine vision systems that are easier and cheaper to employ. The net result should be continued market growth, and that bodes well for the machine vision industry.

Photonics Spectra, January 1998

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