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Nanoparticle Plasmons Used to Enhance Solar Absorption
Researchers seeking to improve solar absorption for the next generation of photovoltaic technology are exploring whether surface plasmon resonances of gold nanoparticles can augment the conversion of photons into usable energy. Although similar experiments have been carried out before, researcher Carl Hägglund of Chalmers University of Technology in Göteborg, Sweden, said that not one had been able to control the input of the plasmon excitations explicitly. He and his colleagues achieved...
Photonics Spectra, March 2008
Optical Filters Go Deeper
The importance of optical applications in the middle-ultraviolet spectral region — between about 200 and 320 nm — continues to increase with the advent of new excitation light sources in this range, also identified as the UVC (200 to 280 nm) and UVB...
Photonics Spectra, March 2008
Photocurrent Altered with Nanoparticles
Sprinkling nanoparticles over the active face of photodetectors and solar cells could be a relatively easy and inexpensive way to enhance the performance of these devices. But exactly what effect do these tiny particles have, and what size,...
Photonics Spectra, March 2008
Quantum Dot-Based Displays Benefit from Misty Deposition
LED displays made with nanocrystal quantum dots are enticing because they may offer higher efficiency, brightness and color saturation than existing LED technologies. However, although they have been under development for a couple of years, one...
Photonics Spectra, March 2008
Saving Money with Laser Processing
Flat panel displays are one of the great modern engineering success stories. They are everywhere — in mobile phones, public displays and even sports arenas. In fact, even now there is a fair chance that you use them every day at home, at work or...
Photonics Spectra, March 2008
Slicing and Dicing Food and Agricultural Data
Farming has gone high-tech, with optical monitoring taking place from the air and from satellites, on planting and harvesting equipment, and on ground-based sensors. The food and beverage industry uses optical sensing to ensure that raw materials,...
Photonics Spectra, March 2008
Total Internal Reflection Interrogates Nanoparticles in
Microfluidic Chips
Whereas traditional methods for measuring nanoparticle dispersions involve time-consuming sample preparation and image analysis, a novel microfluidic device can characterize nanoparticle dispersions in real time. To do so, it employs an integrated...
Photonics Spectra, March 2008
VGA Imagers in Camera Phones
Early cell phones had very low resolution imagers, typically 0.1 megapixels. This resulted in barely acceptable picture quality. Consequently, the imager resolution moved quickly from the common intermediate format to video graphics array (VGA),...
Photonics Spectra, March 2008
What’s Next for Solid-State Lasers?
Advanced Solid-State Photonics (ASSP) 2008 was held Jan. 27 to 30 in the Noh Theatre of the Nara Prefectural New Public Hall in Japan. It was the first time the conference had been held in Japan, and it produced a host of intriguing papers on topics...
Photonics Spectra, March 2008
A Preference for High-Power Polarizers
As laser energies have increased throughout the years, the selection of appropriate polarization components has become more limited. Until recently, if a system was running greater than about 1 J/cm2, the only options were air-spaced beamsplitter...
Photonics Spectra, February 2008
Accurate Transmission Measurements of Translucent Materials
Unlike transparent materials that transmit light with no appreciable attenuation or absorption, translucent materials often possess certain properties and physical structures that cause incident light to become scattered as it passes through, which...
Photonics Spectra, February 2008
Designing with LEDs for Time Multiplexed Optical Shutter Displays
A time multiplexed optical shutter display is an optical system that uses a thin polymeric film as a light valve to locally manipulate the phenomenon of total internal reflection at each pixel. The light valve is a deformable membrane with a...
Photonics Spectra, February 2008
FCS Helps to Track Individual Molecules
During Polystyrene Formation
Polymers are very important, whether they are artificial (plastics) or natural (proteins). Various techniques have been used to explore the processes involved in the formation of polymers from simpler molecules. Nuclear magnetic resonance, electron...
Photonics Spectra, February 2008
Gaining High Resolution with Nanoaperture Grid
Researchers at California Institute of Technology in Pasadena have demonstrated a subwavelength-resolution microscopy technique that uses a two-dimensional grid of tiny holes to increase resolution in a manner similar to that of a near-field...
Photonics Spectra, February 2008
High-Brightness LEDs for Light Engines
Increasing the output performance of LED-powered projectors is within our grasp. When the first LED-powered projectors were commercialized, they generated interest because of new properties and features such as permanent lamps, superior battery...
Photonics Spectra, February 2008
High-Refractive-Index Encapsulants for High-Brightness LEDs
High-brightness LEDs have developed rapidly during the past five years. They are used in traffic lights, signs and specialty lighting and in new applications such as backlight units for LCDs, headlamps for cars and street lighting. The efficiencies...
Photonics Spectra, February 2008
Improving the Profitability of LEDs
LEDs have proliferated as a result of increased mobile phone sales, but pricing pressure has held revenue growth at only about 8 percent over the past two years, according to a recent report, “LED Manufacturing Technologies,” by Yole Développement...
Photonics Spectra, February 2008
Optofluidics Emerges from the Laboratory
For centuries, the components in optical systems have been made from a variety of glasses and metals. More recently, however, they have been created from plastic and semiconductor materials. In other words, optical materials in general are solid in...
Photonics Spectra, February 2008
Power LEDs for Machine Vision Lighting
Smart cameras, at a reduced price, have continued to increase capabilities for machine vision applications, but lighting has not kept pace. There is hope, however, if lighting designers take advantage of performance and packaging...
Photonics Spectra, February 2008
Quantum Cascade Laser Array Provides Flexibility
for IR Spectroscopy
Quantum cascade lasers — devices that can operate at infrared and terahertz wavelengths — are the only semiconductor lasers that can generate at room temperature wavelengths from 3 to 15 μm, the “molecular absorption fingerprint” region of the...
Photonics Spectra, February 2008
Quantum Systems Directly Probed by Photons
Microcavity systems that track and measure the quantum interactions that occur between light and matter have been devised by two research teams in California. Although cavity quantum electrodynamic systems come in a variety of configurations,...
Photonics Spectra, February 2008
See-Through Nanowires Used to Drive Transparent Organic LEDs
As the push to create optically transparent and mechanically flexible LED displays for the next generation of portable electronic devices continues, researchers are looking for ways to conceal the internal electronics that drive these...
Photonics Spectra, February 2008
Solar Cells Constructed with Silicon Nanowires
Although most photovoltaic cells are constructed from traditional crystalline silicon, researchers are seeking alternatives to power a generation of solar technology with improved efficiency and lower costs. One method being considered involves...
Photonics Spectra, February 2008
Thin-Film-Coating Nuances of UV Optics
Over the past decade, thin-film coating technology and designs have improved significantly, resulting in lower-loss filters and in mirrors that are more spectrally accurate and that perform better under a variety of operational environments. In the...
Photonics Spectra, February 2008
Ultrafast Electron Microscopy Reveals Laser Control of Nanochannels
Scientists are interested in optoelectronics applications, such as optical memory storage, and in molecular machines that mimic biological molecules, which usually exhibit precision superior to that of man-made devices. These diverse fields may...
Photonics Spectra, February 2008
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