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UV LED Created with Nanorod Heterostructures
Vertically aligned nanorod arrays that exhibit strong near-ultraviolet emission have been created by researchers seeking to simplify the LED fabrication process. Sung Jin An and Gyu-Chul Yi of the National CRI Center for Semiconductor Nanorods and Department of Materials Science and Engineering in Pohang, South Korea, report that they have created an LED composed of n-GaN/ZnO vertically aligned nanorod heterostructures grown on p-GaN substrates. This schematic illustrates a GaN/ZnO...
Photonics Spectra, December 2007
A New Approach to Adaptive Optics for Materials Processing
When it comes to shaping the intensity patterns or wavefronts of light, fixed lenses are convenient, but often the need for frequent reshaping requires adaptive optical elements. There are a number of such active technologies, each with advantages...
Photonics Spectra, November 2007
Advances in Camera Phone Picture Quality
As camera phones become ubiquitous, consumer demand for a photographic experience similar to that of traditional digital cameras is growing. Coupled with the ready availability of high-definition displays, this need has translated into a requirement...
Photonics Spectra, November 2007
Big Challenges of Small Pixels
The burgeoning camera phone market is creating a growing need for very compact high-megapixel sensors. Highly shrunken pixel designs for such sensors present challenges such as reducing pixel crosstalk and color disparity, eliminating image lag and...
Photonics Spectra, November 2007
Efficient Deep-Blue Organic LED Created
An efficient deep-blue organic LED (OLED) that could be used for display applications has been created by researchers in Taiwan. Although a number of such devices have been fabricated in recent years, important structural information about how...
Photonics Spectra, November 2007
Finding a Way to Predict How Good a Cup o’ Joe Will Be
The difference between a great-tasting cup of coffee and a bland one depends on many factors, including the coffee plant species, the steps taken to produce the plants and, perhaps primarily, the roasting process. During roasting, coffee beans...
Photonics Spectra, November 2007
Joining Optical Components with Silica Nanoparticles
Assembling optical components requires some type of bonding mechanism, often using epoxies, glass frits or other materials to join two or more pieces. No matter what type of bonding material or process is used, however, there often are limitations...
Photonics Spectra, November 2007
Open-Loop Image Control
Because of the current trend of decreasing pixel size to increase pixel count on CMOS imaging sensors, autofocus is becoming necessary to maximize the use of the sensor in its full-resolution capability over a wide depth of field. Hence, autofocus...
Photonics Spectra, November 2007
Optimizing an EMCCD for Spectroscopy
Since it was introduced to the analytical research industry, electron-multiplying (EM) CCD technology has been successfully employed in a variety of spectroscopy applications, and its use has led to dramatic improvements in signal-to-noise ratio...
Photonics Spectra, November 2007
Organic Thin-Film Solar Cell Research Conducted at Stanford University
Global energy consumption is inexorably increasing, driven by population growth and the wave of industrialization in developing countries. Today the world uses about 13 TW of power. Projections are that about 30 TW will be needed by 2050. The sun...
Photonics Spectra, November 2007
Phone Enables Instant Image Capture
Some mobile phone camera users want a device with true point-and-shoot ability — a camera that captures high-quality images over a wide variety of object distances with no time delay. Whether shooting panoramas, portraits or close-ups, or even...
Photonics Spectra, November 2007
Portable Ozone Detection Without the Heat
Too much ozone can cause breathing problems, especially among asthma sufferers, because it irritates the lungs. Concerns over ground-level emission of ozone, by common devices such as early-model photocopiers and laser printers, have driven the...
Photonics Spectra, November 2007
Quantum Dots as Tiny Thermometers
As technology gets smaller and smaller, it is becoming increasingly difficult to take accurate temperature readings in systems that are measured in the micro- and nanometer ranges. Researchers from the University of California, Berkeley, and from...
Photonics Spectra, November 2007
Rapidly Counting Graphene Layers, One by One
Carbon someday could rival silicon in forming the basis for miniature electronics. Two-dimensional sheets of carbon called graphene are promising candidates because they are stable and they move electrons rapidly. Furthermore, graphene-based devices...
Photonics Spectra, November 2007
Searching for the Ultimate Sensitivity of Surface Absorption Spectroscopy
Surface absorption spectroscopy is used for everything from industrial applications to environmental studies to biotechnology, as well as for basic research of thin-film growth and of light-matter interaction. Typically, the technique is performed...
Photonics Spectra, November 2007
Stacked Pixels
In the past 10 years, the image sensor market has grown tremendously, fueled in part by the combination of CMOS image sensor technology and the proliferation of camera phones. More recently, the rate of innovation in image sensors has stabilized and...
Photonics Spectra, November 2007
Suspended in Film and Placed Over Microcavities, Quantum Dots Become Brighter
According to a group of researchers comprising members from Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, from Iowa State University in Ames and from Agiltron Inc. of Woburn, Mass., suspended quantum dots are brighter because they are removed from the...
Photonics Spectra, November 2007
Team Develops Electron Microscope with 0.5-Å Resolution
Although studying how atoms come together to form matter is a central goal of science, it is difficult to study the particles because they measure only about 1 Å. For reference, 500,000 to one million angstroms comprise the width of an average...
Photonics Spectra, November 2007
A Simplified Organic LED
Although the efficiency of organic LEDs (OLEDs) has improved steadily in recent years, it remains challenging to manufacture the intricate, multilayered devices. Researchers at the Institut für Hochfrequenztechnik at the Technische Universität...
Photonics Spectra, October 2007
Building a Nanostructure Array One Slice at a Time
Researchers at Harvard University in Cambridge, Mass., have employed a nanoscale version of skiving — cutting a material into thin layers — to create large-area arrays of patterned metallic structures. By producing frequency-selective surfaces, the...
Photonics Spectra, October 2007
Carbon Dioxide Lasers: Still the Most Successful in Industrial Applications
The success of any laser in industrial applications depends on how well it can produce economically positive results for its owner. Despite recent innovations such as disc and fiber lasers, the CO2 laser — which has been around for nearly half a...
Photonics Spectra, October 2007
Cree Reports Laboratory Advances in High-Power LEDs
Cree Inc. of Durham, N.C., has achieved higher efficacy from packaged high-power LEDs. The results have been verified by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, based in Gaithersburg, Md. Tests conducted by the institute have confirmed...
Photonics Spectra, October 2007
Defining the Relationship Between Nanotube Length
and Optical Response
Single-walled carbon nanotubes have numerous optical properties of interest to physicists and electronics engineers. However, whereas these nanometer-scale constructs have been well-studied regarding the influence of diameter and chirality on their...
Photonics Spectra, October 2007
Getting a Better View from Above
If events go as planned, by mid-October a new eye in the sky will be beaming down views of the Earth that are more accurate than ever. In addition, a new generation of mapping and remote sensing satellites will carry the latest imagers. Thanks to...
Photonics Spectra, October 2007
Laser Safety and the Optical Table
Optical tables and your bed at home have several things in common. You spend a great deal of time with both. In addition, just like your bed, many things find their home on or underneath your optical table. What does an optical table have to do...
Photonics Spectra, October 2007
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