PI Physik Instrumente - Microscope Stages LB ROS 11/24

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8,726 terms

Photonics Dictionary

wood lens

A type of radial gradient lens that can focus light even though its surfaces are flat.

woods glass -> cobalt glass

Glass that transmits near-ultraviolet radiation but is opaque in the visible region. Also known as woods glass.

word

In digital image processing, a unit equal to 16 bits.

working aperture

The maximum aperture of a lens at which it will still give a sharp image, even though its physical aperture may be larger.

working distance

In microscopy, the clear distance between the specimen being viewed and the first optical element of the objective lens.

WORM

write once, read many

watt peak

WPD

wave particle duality

WRD

wedge ring detection

write once, read many (WORM)

An optical data storage device that permits the user to store data (write) and play it back (read), but not to erase or change the stored material.

writing rate

Term for the brightness of an oscilloscope trace.

WRR

World Radiometric Reference

WSM

wavelength selective mirror

weight

Wynne-Rosin telescope

A Cassegrain telescope having a parabolic primary mirror, a spherical secondary mirror and a zero-power doublet in the converging bundle for aberration correction.

X resolution

X resolution is a measure of the number of pixels or data points along the horizontal axis of an image or display. It quantifies the level of detail that can be displayed horizontally, representing...

X-axis

1. In a plane Cartesian coordinate system, the horizontal axis, or axis in the left to right direction. 2. In a quartz crystal structure, the refrence axis.

x-plates

Two flat parallel electrodes that are vertically mounted alongside each other in a cathode-ray tube and produce horizontal deflection of the beam when a difference of potential is applied between...

x-radiography

Radiography using the emission of x-rays to form an image of the structure penetrated by the radiation.

x-ray absorbing filter

A window made of glass containing a high percentage of lead or other dense material known to absorb x-rays readily.

x-ray analysis trial

The testing by hypothesizing a likely crystal structure, computing a test x-ray diffraction pattern and comparing this to the observed pattern to evaluate a crystal structure.

x-ray analysis

The series of processes used to identify and evaluate crystal structure by using crystalline solids to diffract x-rays. In the Laue method, radiation of a wide range of wavelengths is transmitted by...

x-ray astronomy

The study of the celestial bodies, relative to x-ray emission. Satellites launched to study x-ray sources have revealed many new classes of galactic and extragalactic sources, as well as the...

x-ray crystal spectrometer

An instrument that measures the wavelengths of an x-ray spectrum by the diffraction of x-rays from a crystal with a given lattice spacing.

x-ray crystallography

The study of the arrangement of atoms in a crystal by means of x-rays.

x-ray detection

The collection and detection of x-rays by virtue of their ionizing properties. The ionization may be perceived directly by a gas-filled ionization chamber, photographically, or by correlating...

x-ray detector

One of various types of fluorescent screens used to detect x-ray radiation. Photographic film is mildly sensitive to x-rays, but much more sensitive to light. Hence, in photographing x-ray...

x-ray diffraction

The bending of x-rays by the regular layers of molecules in a crystal acting like a very small diffraction grating. The diffraction pattern so obtained and recorded on film provides a means for...

x-ray diffractometer

An instrument that uses a crystal to diffract x-rays for the measurement of the intensities of the diffracted rays.

x-ray film

A film or plate that is usually coated on both sides with a very fast emulsion that is sensitive to x-rays, and used to record x-ray diffraction patterns photographically.

x-ray hardness

The penetrating capacity of x-rays that is an inverse function of the wavelength.

x-ray image intensifier

An image intensifier that consists of an evacuated tube with a large input phosphor screen at one end. The phosphor screen is in contact with a light-sensitive photocathode that emits electrons....

x-ray image spectrography

Irradiation of a cylindrical crystal with an x-ray beam resulting in Bragg diffraction that produces a slightly enlarged image.

x-ray lithography

A method of projecting integrated circuit patterns on a silicon wafer using x-ray wavelengths focused through a special mask.

x-ray micrography -> microradiography

Radiographic recording and enhancement of the micoscopic details within the structure of thin specimens at a high magnification. Also known as x-ray micrography

x-ray microprobe analysis

The method of acquiring characteristic x-ray spectra from microscopic samples by use of the combination of a scanning electron microscope and x-ray spectroscopy.

x-ray optics

The study of the physics of x-rays, where the x-rays exhibit properties similar to those of lightwaves. Also called Roentgen optics.

x-ray phase contrast microscopy

Used for high-resolution surface study with subnanometer resolution. XRIM uses interfacial phase contrast with application of hard x-rays over elementary surface structures availing the observation...

x-ray shadow microscope -> projection x-ray microscope

A microscope that uses an extremely fine x-ray focal point to produce an enlarged photographic image of a sample. Also known as an x-ray shadow microscope.

x-ray source

A material or system that emits x-rays.

x-ray spectrogram

A chart of an x-ray diffraction pattern.

x-ray spectrograph

An instrument that is used to chart x-ray diffraction patterns, such as an x-ray spectrometer having photographic or other recording implements.

x-ray spectrometer

An instrument designed to produce an x-ray spectrum of a material as an aid in identifying it. This technique is particularly useful when the material cannot be broken down physically.

x-ray streak camera

A diagnostic instrument that uses a photocathode design to see a broad range of x-ray radiation by streaking the photographic image continuously in time. It produces time- and space-resolved...

x-ray tube target

Also known as an anticathode. An electrode or electrode section that is focused upon by an electron beam and that emits x-rays.

x-ray vacuum

The pressure in the gas region of an x-ray tube that has been reduced below 0.1 mm, the pressure necessary for the tube.

XDP

x-ray density probe

XEG

x-ray emission gauge

xenon

A rare gas used in small high-pressure arc lamps to produce a high-intensity source of light closely resembling the color quality of daylight.

xenon arc

The arc formed when the rare gas xenon is excited electrically and emits a brilliant white light. Xenon is used to fill electronic and stroboscopic flashlamps, and also large discharge tubes for...

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