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8,236 terms
Photonics Dictionary
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x-ray film
A film or plate that is usually coated on both sides with a very fast emulsion that is sensitive to x-rays, and used to record x-ray diffraction patterns photographically.
x-ray hardness
The penetrating capacity of x-rays that is an inverse function of the wavelength.
x-ray image intensifier
An image intensifier that consists of an evacuated tube with a large input phosphor screen at one end. The phosphor screen is in contact with a light-sensitive photocathode that emits electrons....
x-ray image spectrography
Irradiation of a cylindrical crystal with an x-ray beam resulting in Bragg diffraction that produces a slightly enlarged image.
x-ray lithography
A method of projecting integrated circuit patterns on a silicon wafer using x-ray wavelengths focused through a special mask.
x-ray micrography
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microradiography
Radiographic recording and enhancement of the micoscopic details within the structure of thin specimens at a high magnification. Also known as x-ray micrography
x-ray microprobe analysis
The method of acquiring characteristic x-ray spectra from microscopic samples by use of the combination of a scanning electron microscope and x-ray spectroscopy.
x-ray optics
The study of the physics of x-rays, where the x-rays exhibit properties similar to those of lightwaves. Also called Roentgen optics.
x-ray phase contrast microscopy
Used for high-resolution surface study with subnanometer resolution. XRIM uses interfacial phase contrast with application of hard x-rays over elementary surface structures availing the observation...
x-ray shadow microscope
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projection x-ray microscope
A microscope that uses an extremely fine x-ray focal point to produce an enlarged photographic image of a sample. Also known as an x-ray shadow microscope.
x-ray source
A material or system that emits x-rays.
x-ray spectrogram
A chart of an x-ray diffraction pattern.
x-ray spectrograph
An instrument that is used to chart x-ray diffraction patterns, such as an x-ray spectrometer having photographic or other recording implements.
x-ray spectrometer
An instrument designed to produce an x-ray spectrum of a material as an aid in identifying it. This technique is particularly useful when the material cannot be broken down physically.
x-ray streak camera
A diagnostic instrument that uses a photocathode design to see a broad range of x-ray radiation by streaking the photographic image continuously in time. It produces time- and space-resolved...
x-ray tube target
Also known as an anticathode. An electrode or electrode section that is focused upon by an electron beam and that emits x-rays.
x-ray vacuum
The pressure in the gas region of an x-ray tube that has been reduced below 0.1 mm, the pressure necessary for the tube.
XDP
x-ray density probe
XEG
x-ray emission gauge
xenon
A rare gas used in small high-pressure arc lamps to produce a high-intensity source of light closely resembling the color quality of daylight.
xenon arc
The arc formed when the rare gas xenon is excited electrically and emits a brilliant white light. Xenon is used to fill electronic and stroboscopic flashlamps, and also large discharge tubes for...
xenon arc photocoagulator
An instrument for eye surgery that directs intense xenon arc light through the transparent cornea lens to the retina where absorption by the pigment epithelium and the choroid produces heat and...
xenon flashtube
A high-intensity source of incoherent white light in which a capacitor is discharged through a tube of xenon gas; often used as a source of pumping radiation for various optically excited lasers.
xerography
A printing process of electrostatic electrophotography that uses a photoconductive insulating medium, in conjunction with infrared, visible or ultraviolet radiation, to produce latent...
xeroradiography
A printing process of electrostatic electrophotography that uses a photoconductive insulating medium, in conjunction with x-rays or gamma rays, to produce latent electrostatic-charge patterns for...
XES
x-ray energy spectroscopy
XLPE
irradiated cross-linked polyolefin
XMOD
external modulator
XRFS
x-ray fluorescent spectrometer
XRPM
x-ray projection microscope
XUV
extreme ultraviolet
XY recorder
A recorder that plots, on a chart, the interaction between two variables, not directly representing time.
xylene
Fluid used to aid in examination of semifinished blanks.
XYZ axes
Conventional coordinates for optical system analysis, the X-axis being the horizontal, the Y-axis the vertical and the Z-axis the optical axis of the system.
Y axis
1. In a plane Cartesian coordinate system, the vertical axis orthogonal to the X-axis. 2. In a quartz crystal structure, the line perpendicular to two opposite parallel faces of the crystal.
Y-axis deflection
The vertical deflection of an image on a cathode-ray tube screen.
YAG crystal
A YAG crystal refers to a solid-state crystal made of yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG), which is a synthetic crystalline material. YAG crystals are known for their exceptional optical properties,...
YAG laser
A solid-state laser using yttrium aluminum garnet as the matrix material, doped with neodymium (Nd:YAG).
YALO
yttrium orthoaluminate
yaw
In positioning, in-plane rotation about the vertical axis. Also known as azimuth.
YLF
yttrium lanthanum fluoride
yocto
In the SI system, prefix meaning 10-24. (y).
yotta
In the SI system, prefix meaning 1024. (Y).
Young's construction
A method of graphical ray tracing through a boundary surface dividing two media of differing indices of refraction.
Young's modulus
The constant equal to the unit stress divided by unit deformation, relative to all values and a substance's proportional restrictions.
Young's two-slit interference
The method by which Thomas Young in 1802 disproved Newton's corpuscular theory of light by the formation of interference patterns between two beams of light from the same source. This was produced by...
ytterbium laser
A ytterbium laser is a type of solid-state laser that employs ytterbium ions (Yb³+) as the dopant in the gain medium. These lasers are known for their high efficiency, broad absorption and...
z
atomic number; zepto-
Z-axis modulation
The intensity regulation of a cathode-ray tube by alteration of the grid-cathode voltage.
Z-scan
A technique for determining the nonlinear optical properties of a sample material by moving the sample through a focused laser beam and measuring changes in the beam's characteristics, such as...
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Photonics Dictionary
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