On a single laser beam, scientists have succeeded in encoding data at a rate of 26 Tb/s, transmitting the data over a distance of 50 km and decoding the information successfully. The process, developed by Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), enables the transmission of 700 DVDs' worth of content in just 1 second, the largest data volume ever transported on a laser beam, according to the researchers. In this experiment, KIT scientists led by professor Jürg Leuthold beat their own 2010 record in high-speed data transmission when they exceeded the magic limit of 10 Tb/s — i.e., a data rate of 10,000 billion bits per second. Their success is the result of a new data decoding process. The optoelectric decoding method is based on initially purely optical calculation at highest data rates so as to break down the high data rate to smaller bit rates that can then be processed electrically. The initially optical reduction of the bit rates is required because no electronic processing methods are available for a data rate of 26 Tb/s. Leuthold's team applies the so-called orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) for record data encoding. For many years, this process has been used successfully in mobile communications, based on mathematical routines (fast Fourier transformation). Control of the signal levels: professor Jürg Leuthold. (Image: Gabi Zachmann) "The challenge was to increase the process speed not only by a factor of 1000 but by a factor of nearly a million for data processing at 26 terabits per second," said Leuthold, who heads the Institutes of Photonics and Quantum Electronics and Microstructure Technology at KIT. "The decisive innovative idea was optical implementation of the mathematical routine." Calculation in the optical range turned out to be not only extremely fast, but also highly energy efficient because energy is required for the laser and a few process steps only. "Our result shows that physical limits are not yet exceeded even at extremely high data rates," Leuthold said, noting the constantly growing data volume on the Internet. According to Leuthold, transmission of 26 Tb/s confirms that even high data rates can be handled today, while energy consumption is minimized. "A few years ago, data rates of 26 terabits per second were deemed utopian even for systems with many lasers, and there would not have been any applications. With 26 terabits per second, it would have been possible to transmit up to 400 million telephone calls at the same time. Nobody needed this at that time. Today, the situation is different." Video transmissions consume much Internet bandwidth and require extremely high bit rates. The need is growing constantly. In communication networks, first lines with channel data rates of 100 Gb/s (corresponding to 0.1 Tb/s) have already been taken into operation. Research now concentrates on developing systems for transmission lines in the range of 400 Gb/s to 1 Tb/s. Hence, the Karlsruhe invention is ahead of the ongoing development. Companies and scientists from all over Europe were involved in the experimental implementation of ultrafast data transmission at KIT. Among them were members of the staff of Agilent and Micram Deutschland, Time-Bandwidth Switzerland, Finisar Israel and the University of Southampton in Great Britain. For more information, visit: www.kit.edu