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Meadowlark Optics - Wave Plates 6/24 LB 2024

Fresh Ways to Shoot Faster Pictures

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Lynn Savage, Features Editor, [email protected]

Muscles can move quickly – and individual proteins move even faster. So how do you capture such blazingly fast events? In the study of biological systems – cell biology being the premier example – nonlinear microscopy techniques are highly regarded for their ability to focus tightly on minute parts of a structure. Two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) and second-harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy, in particular, have overtaken even such stalwart techniques as confocal laser scanning microscopy because they reduce the amount of photobleaching endured by the key...Read full article

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    Published: May 2012
    Glossary
    magnetic resonance imaging
    An imaging technique used in radiology that is based on the principles of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to produce high-quality images of the inside of the human body by imaging the nuclei of atoms within the body.
    nuclear magnetic resonance
    A phenomenon, exploited for medical imaging, in which the nuclei of material placed in a strong magnetic field will absorb radio waves supplied by a transmitter at particular frequencies. The energy of the radio-frequency photons is used to promote the nucleus from a low-energy state, in which the nuclear spin is aligned parallel to the strong magnetic field, to a higher-energy state in which the spin is opposed to the field. When the source of the radio waves is turned off, many nuclei will...
    photobleaching
    Photobleaching is a phenomenon in which the fluorescence of a fluorophore (a fluorescent molecule or dye) is permanently reduced or eliminated upon prolonged exposure to light. This process occurs due to the photochemical destruction or alteration of the fluorophore molecules, rendering them non-fluorescent. Key points about photobleaching: Mechanism: Photobleaching is typically a result of chemical reactions induced by the absorbed photons. The excessive light exposure causes the...
    quantum dots
    A quantum dot is a nanoscale semiconductor structure, typically composed of materials like cadmium selenide or indium arsenide, that exhibits unique quantum mechanical properties. These properties arise from the confinement of electrons within the dot, leading to discrete energy levels, or "quantization" of energy, similar to the behavior of individual atoms or molecules. Quantum dots have a size on the order of a few nanometers and can emit or absorb photons (light) with precise wavelengths,...
    superresolution
    Superresolution refers to the enhancement or improvement of the spatial resolution beyond the conventional limits imposed by the diffraction of light. In the context of imaging, it is a set of techniques and algorithms that aim to achieve higher resolution images than what is traditionally possible using standard imaging systems. In conventional optical microscopy, the resolution is limited by the diffraction of light, a phenomenon described by Ernst Abbe's diffraction limit. This limit sets a...
    x-ray crystallography
    The study of the arrangement of atoms in a crystal by means of x-rays.
    Basic ScienceBiophotonicsCaliforniacell biologyconformational changescytochrome P450difference frequency stagesenergyexerciseFeaturesfluorophoresGermanyGFPgreen fluorescent proteinICFOImagingInstitute of Photonics SciencesJapanJapan Institute of Sports Scienceslabel-free microscopyM-Squared Lasersmagnetic resonance imagingMegan C. ThielgesMichael D. FayerMicroscopyMRImuscle activitymuscle functional MRImyoglobinNihon UniversityNikonNMRnonlinear microscopy techniquesNoriyuki Tawaranuclear magnetic resonanceoptical parametric amplifiersoxygen bindingPablo Loza-Alvarezphotobleachingprotein foldingquantum dotsSE-EPIsecond harmonic generation microscopym confocal laser scanning microscopysemiconductor disk lasersemiconductor saturable absorber mirrorsSensors & DetectorsSESAMSHGSiemens AGSpainspin-echo echo-planar imagingStanford UniversitysuperresolutionTHGTokyo Metropolitan HospitalTPEFtransverse relaxation timetrue fast imaging with steady precessiontrueFISPtwo-dimensional infrared vibrational echo spectroscopytwo-photon excited fluorescence microscopyultrafast lasersVECSELvertical extended cavity surface-emitting laserx-ray crystallographyLasers

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