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LED Display Guides Surgery with Real-Time Visuals of Brain Activity
SAN DIEGO, May 16, 2024 — During brain surgery, healthy and diseased brain regions are marked with sterile papers to define the margins for a safe operation. These margins are defined through communication between the neurosurgeon and a team of electrophysiologists located in a different part of the operating area. Adding further difficulty, the electrode grids that are used to measure brain activity and identify the boundaries between pathological and functional brain regions have low resolution and limited conformity
Compact Single-Photon Lidar Provides High Resolution for Air and Space
HEFEI, China, May 14, 2024 — Despite advancements in airborne, single-photon lidar, existing systems have relatively large payloads and high energy consumption. Researchers at the University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) addressed these challenges and achieved a...
Laser-Treated Cork Remedies Oil Spills Sustainably with Solar
CHANGSHA, China, May 13, 2024 — Marine oil spills can have disastrous consequences for ocean ecosystems. Existing methods for cleaning up oil spills, which are costly and inefficient, underscore the need for environmentally friendly remediation strategies. Research conducted by a...
Optofluidic Antenna Enhances Single-Molecule Sensitivity in Liquid
ERLANGEN, Germany, May 13, 2024 — Single-emitter fluorescence detection is used in diverse fields, from biophysics to quantum optics, to precisely observe processes at the single-molecule level. When performed under fluidic conditions, diffusion restricts the observation time and...
Adaptive Optics Offers Clues to How the Eye Perceives Color
ROCHESTER, N.Y., May 10, 2024 — Using adaptive optics, researchers at the University of Rochester (UR) identified some of the rare, non-cardinal retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in the fovea. The UR team’s discovery could improve scientific understanding of how humans perceive...
Dual-chirped Methodology Enables High-grade Attosecond Imaging
SENDAI, Japan, May 9, 2024 — Extremely short laser pulses, in the order of attoseconds, provide a powerful way to probe and image ultrashort processes like the motion of electrons in atoms and molecules. While it is possible to create ultrashort laser pulses, creating pulses...
Photoswitchable Biosystems Make Way for Intelligent Drug Delivery
POTSDAM, Germany, May 8, 2024 — A photoswitchable biosystem for the development of synthetic cells could provide a noninvasive way to design intelligent drug delivery systems for cell repair, advancing applications in photopharmacology. A team from the Max Planck Institute of...
Programmable Processing Provides Multifaceted Networking Boost
VALENCIA, Spain, May 6, 2024 — A team from the Photonics Research Laboratory (PRL)-iTEAM of the Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV) and the company iPRONICS have developed a multifunctional, programmable photonic processor for applications in the...
Generative AI Achieves Superresolution with Minimal Tuning
GÖRLITZ, Germany, May 2, 2024 — Diffusion models for artificial intelligence (AI) produce high-quality samples and offer stable training, but their sensitivity to the choice of variance can be a drawback. The variance schedule controls the dynamics of the diffusion process, and...
DUV Laser Design Enhances Lithography Performance
BEIJING, April 25, 2024 — Argon-fluoride (ArF) excimer lasers — deep ultraviolet (DUV) lasers emitting light with a wavelength of 193 nm — are used in lithography to create precise patterns. However, the limited coherence of conventional ArF excimer lasers...
One-Step Hologram Generation Speeds 3D Display Creation
SHANGHAI, April 24, 2024 — Researchers from the University of Shanghai for Science and Technology (USST) introduced a one-step method to generate holograms in real time. This approach to creating computer-generated holograms (CGH) could provide a practical solution to create...
Imageomics Applies AI and Vision Advancements to Biological Questions
COLUMBUS, Ohio, April 22, 2024 — Researchers at Ohio State University are pioneering the field of “imageomics.” Founded on advancements in machine learning and computer vision, the researchers are using imageomics to explore fundamental questions about biological processes by...
Photonic Chip Enables 160 TOPS/W Artificial General Intelligence
BEIJING, April 22, 2024 — Researchers from Tsinghua University have reported the development of a photonic AI chiplet called “Taichi” which empowers 160 TOPS/W artificial general intelligence. Developments in the field of artificial general intelligence (AGI)...
Low-Power Lasers Prepare Novel Polymer for Use in Biotech, Nanotech
ADELAIDE, Australia, April 16, 2024 — A polymer that can be modified quickly with low-power lasers emitting infrared and visible light could provide a safe, inexpensive method to produce polymer surfaces for biomedical devices, electronics, information storage, microfluidics, and other...
Metamaterial Progress Advances with Programmable Metafluid
CAMBRIDGE, Mass., April 15, 2024 — Researchers from the Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences (SEAS) have developed a programmable metafluid with tunable springiness, optical properties, viscosity, and the ability to transition between a Newtonian and...
Imaging Method Lights up Brain Oxygenation
ROCHESTER, N.Y., April 11, 2024 — Researchers at the University of Rochester and University of Copenhagen’s Center for Translational Neuromedicine developed a bioluminescence imaging technique that tracks the movement of oxygen in mice brains to reveal the level of oxygen...
Microprism-Mediated Calcium Imaging Reveals Neural Dynamics Over Time
SEATTLE, April 10, 2024 — An approach to deep brain imaging developed at the University of Washington uses microprisms to provide stable tracking of neuronal activity over a large field of view. According to the research team, the microprism technique is a significant...
Immersion Lens Focuses Polarized Beam for Laser Nanoprocessing
SENDAI, Japan, April 9, 2024 — High spatial resolution in ultrafast laser processing is increasingly important in semiconductor fabrication, the automotive parts industry, medical device manufacturing, and other fields. In laser processing, precision and spatial resolution are...
Mass-Production Method Aims to Drive Metalenses Toward Widespread Commercial Use
POHANG, South Korea, April 8, 2024 — With their ability to manipulate light and potential to drastically reduce the size and thickness of optical components, metalenses show great promise, especially for applications in the NIR region. However, tens of millions of won — thousands...
Wavelength-specific Index Guides Laser Skin Treatment
OSAKA, Japan, April 4, 2024 — Laser treatment has gained popularity for the treatment of skin blemishes. To improve the efficacy and reduce complications from laser treatment, a research group led by Osaka Metropolitan University developed an index of the threshold energy...
Fiber Oscillator Extends Femtosecond Lasing into the Visible Band
SIMING, China, April 3, 2024 — Femtosecond (fs) fiber oscillators are a standard technology used to generate fs laser pulses. They offer a compact design, outstanding performance, and are cost-effective to use. However, the operating wavelengths for these oscillators are located...
Deep Learning Model Helps Target Prostate Cancer Treatments to Individual
SEATTLE, April 2, 2024 — Approximately 250,000 men in the U.S. receive a prostate cancer diagnosis each year. While overall morbidity and mortality rates for this type of cancer are low, a subset of cases requires aggressive treatment. A machine-learning model developed by...
Chirality Detector Improves Drug Design and Efficacy Prospects
ORLANDO, Fla., April 1, 2024 — Researchers at the University of Central Florida (UCF) are investigating ways to enhance the development of new drugs and therapies. A tunable plasmonic platform from UCF, which enables accurate detection of chiral molecules, could help...
Quantum Dot Sources Generate Nearly Perfect Entangled Photons
WATERLOO, Ontario, March 28, 2024 — Researchers at the University of Waterloo's Institute for Quantum Computing (IQC) have developed a method to efficiently produce nearly perfect entangled photon pairs from quantum dot sources, paving the way for secure quantum communications....
Whole-Brain Big Data Processing Enables VR via Optogenetic Control
SHANGHAI, March 28, 2024 — The massive amount of data processing required to image whole-brain activity makes real-time analysis and closed-loop research into neuronal dynamics extremely challenging. Yet, real-time analysis of large-scale brain imaging is crucial to...

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