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A Single Dot Marks the Spot for Nanowire LEDs
From wires nanometers in size, an industry hopes that mighty lights will grow. That goal — as well as the ability to perform quantum optics experiments — has gotten a boost, thanks to researchers from the Kavli Institute of Nanoscience at Delft University of Technology and from Philips Research Labs in Eindhoven, both in the Netherlands. The group has fabricated nanowire LEDs and demonstrated the devices’ electroluminescence. The glowing dot is a nanoscale LED, appearing with zero bias...
Photonics Spectra, April 2007
A Spectrometer That Spans Octaves
Singing the musical scales provides a hint as to why users of grating-based spectrometers must be careful: After beginning with do, the scale ends up back at the same note but an octave higher. In spectrometers, diffraction orders also repeat,...
Photonics Spectra, April 2007
AFM Measures Photocurrent Distribution in Solar Cells
The power conversion efficiency of organic solar cells remains below desired levels, in part because variations in processing conditions alter film morphologies. Current microscopy techniques can provide information on these structural effects;...
Photonics Spectra, April 2007
Building Hybrid LEDs by Directly Writing Blended Polymers
In animal breeding, hybrids can be superior to either parent. The same may be true for LEDs, given recent research from the University of Strathclyde in Glasgow, UK, and Imperial College London, where investigators fabricated hybrid...
Photonics Spectra, April 2007
Highly Efficient Near-Infrared OLED Created
By using a different type of doping agent, researchers have significantly enhanced the efficiency of organic LEDs (OLEDs) that emit in the NIR region. Diodes with such capabilities have applications for night-vision displays and sensors. An...
Photonics Spectra, April 2007
How Temperature Affects Silicone Encapsulants in High-Brightness LED Applications
Historically, high temperatures have negatively affected the function of LED chips; however, recent designs from companies such as Philips Lumileds Lighting Co. reportedly perform at temperatures as high as 185 °C without compromising output. The...
Photonics Spectra, April 2007
Infrared Imaging: The Short and the Long of It
Where vision ends, infrared begins. Stretching from 0.7 to 1000 μm, the infrared spectrum covers a lot of ground, as do the imaging applications that make use of this part of the spectrum. These applications include biological studies,...
Photonics Spectra, April 2007
Infrared Scene Projection: Virtual Reality for IR Sensor Testing
Over the past three decades, infrared scene projection has evolved into a critical laboratory tool for evaluation of high-performance infrared imagers and their embedded algorithms. This technology projects accurate, realistic and dynamic IR...
Photonics Spectra, April 2007
Laser Annealing Helps Broaden Response of Quantum-Dot LEDs
A wider emission band is better for broadband light sources, which are important for spectrum-sliced wavelength division multiplexing, fiber-based data transmission and optical coherence tomography applications. Consequently, scientists have been...
Photonics Spectra, April 2007
Mass-Producing Infrared Metamaterials
Some metamaterials have a negative refractive index, a physical property not found in natural substances. This property could enable the production of telecommunication components with very low noise, or it could permit the fabrication of...
Photonics Spectra, April 2007
Relationship of Temperature Rise to Incident Laser Power in Optical Traps
Optical trapping often is used to evaluate nanometer-size systems by introducing up to hundreds of milliwatts of laser power into the focus. The resulting power intensity can raise local temperatures and induce unwanted physical, chemical or...
Photonics Spectra, April 2007
Short-Wavelength Quantum-Cascade Lasers
There exists a gap in the performance of semiconductor lasers in the 3- to 5-μm-wavelength range, a spectral range of particular interest for molecular spectroscopy as well as for applications such as directed infrared countermeasures. The 3-...
Photonics Spectra, April 2007
Silicon Photonic Modulator Transmits Data at 30 Gb/s
High-speed optical modulators are a key component for optical communications and for future optical interconnect applications. Today’s commercially available optical modulators at 10 Gb/s are based on electro-optic materials such as lithium niobate...
Photonics Spectra, April 2007
Telecom Meets Visible Lasers
The telecom industry demands extreme reliability in lasers and photonic components, so very mature assembly and packaging techniques have evolved to meet these demands over the years. Integration of these techniques from the telecom industry has now...
Photonics Spectra, April 2007
An Optical Superlens That Is Easy on the Eyes
Superlenses are super because they can image below the diffraction limit of the light passing through them. However, current incarnations of superlenses — thin silver or silicon carbide slabs — are not very super when it comes to use: They can image...
Photonics Spectra, March 2007
Automotive Sealing and Bonding
The use of sealants and adhesives is increasing as automotive designers try to improve fuel efficiency by reducing vehicle weight. Safety, aesthetics and durability are all critical factors and, when taken together, promote greater use of structural...
Photonics Spectra, March 2007
Digitizing a Century of Astronomical Images
From the early 1880s to the late 1980s, observers from Harvard College Observatory in Cambridge, Mass., took more than 500,000 astronomical images of the night sky from Harvard telescopes around the world. Most of that collection is stored at...
Photonics Spectra, March 2007
Dimpled Displays and Sensors
Exploiting an accidental discovery, researchers at California Institute of Technology in Pasadena and at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI) in Troy, N.Y., have demonstrated a method to produce bright color fields over large surfaces, creating...
Photonics Spectra, March 2007
Efficacy Limits for Solid-State White Light Sources
Several recently published road maps for solid-state light have called for systems with efficacies of 200 to 240 lm/W. Luminous efficiency, or efficacy, is a common performance metric for light sources. It is the ratio of the perceived brightness to...
Photonics Spectra, March 2007
Eye Safety in the Laser Lab
If one played a word-association game with the term “laser safety,” the most common responses probably would be eyewear, goggles and, perhaps, eye injury. But as with so much in life, there is more to laser safety than immediately meets the eye. An...
Photonics Spectra, March 2007
High-Performance Silicone Materials for High-Brightness LEDs
High-brightness LEDs are increasingly being used in applications such as signs and displays, cell phone flash modules, automotive lighting and general illumination. Newer applications, however, such as solid-state lighting, and backlighting for flat...
Photonics Spectra, March 2007
Inexpensive P-Type Zinc Oxide Nanowires
LEDs and lasers used in solid-state lighting, display and other applications often incorporate gallium nitride, and the process employed for large-scale production of such diodes is costly. Although materials such as zinc oxide could form a viable,...
Photonics Spectra, March 2007
NIR Method Developed for Testing Frying Oil Quality
French fry lovers, rejoice! A quick, reliable and relatively easy method has been developed that uses spectroscopy to monitor the quality of the frying oil into which so much tasty modern food is immersed. Existing methods of testing frying oil...
Photonics Spectra, March 2007
Raman Scattering Improves When Substrates Are Adorned with Silver and Gold
Gold may glitter, but silver really shines when it comes to substrates for surface-enhanced Raman scattering. SERS can augment a Raman signal by 14 to 15 orders of magnitude, which makes the technique invaluable for research. Repeatable SERS results...
Photonics Spectra, March 2007
Superstrong Nanoillumination Created Inside Metallic Structure
Unusually strong nanoillumination has been achieved by researchers using a three-step enhancement process that successively augments light until it reaches intensity levels more than 1000 times stronger than the initial incident light. This...
Photonics Spectra, March 2007
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