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Research & Technology News

Satellite Imaging and Field Cameras Monitor Corn Production
URBANA, Ill., March 10, 2020 — Scientists from the University of Illinois have developed a scalable method of estimating crop productivity with satellite imagery. The research combines field measurements, a unique in-field camera network, and high-resolution, high-frequency satellite data, providing highly accurate productivity estimates for crops across Illinois and beyond. The researchers used reflectance data, which measures light bouncing off Earth, from two types of satellites to estimate leaf area index (LAI) in
Spectroscopic Toolkit for Structural Biology Could Aid in Drug Design
CLEMSON, S.C., March 10, 2020 — A fluorescence-based imaging technique for monitoring single molecules could lead to a better understanding of how molecules are assembled, function, and interact, aiding in structure-guided drug design. Clemson University researchers led by...
Caltech and JPL Launch Hybrid, High-Rate Quantum Communication Systems
PASADENA, Calif., March 10, 2020 — Caltech and NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) are collaborating on the design of a practical, high-rate, high-fidelity quantum communication system over fiber and free space. The team said that it is on track to deploy, commission, and...
Researchers Fool Autonomous Vehicle Systems with Phantom Images
BEER-SHEVA, Israel, March 9, 2020 — Researchers from Ben-Gurion University of the Negev’s Cyber Security Research Center found that they can trick the autopilot on an autonomous vehicle to erroneously apply its brakes in response to “phantom” images projected on a...
Topology Protects Light Propagation in Photonic Crystal
AMSTERDAM, March 10, 2020 — A team from the research institute AMOLF and Delft University of Technology (TU Delft) observed light propagation within a photonic crystal without the usual distortion caused by reflections. Because the crystal consists of two parts, each with a...
III-V Lasers Grown on Silicon Wafers Could Advance Silicon Photonics
HONG KONG, March 9, 2020 — Researchers from the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST) have directly grown 1.5-μm III-V lasers on industry-standard 220-nm silicon-on-insulators (SOI) wafers without buffer. This work could advance the use of III-V light...
Built-In Neural Hardware Allows Image Recognition in Nanoseconds
VIENNA, March 9, 2020 — Researchers at Vienna University of Technology (TU Wien) have developed an image sensor that can be trained to recognize (in a matter of nanoseconds) certain objects. The image sensor is made from a 2D material: tungsten diselenide, which is...
Robot Uses AI and Imaging to Draw Blood
NEW BRUNSWICK, N.J., March 9, 2020 — Rutgers University engineers have created a tabletop device that combines a robot, artificial intelligence, and near-infrared and ultrasound imaging to draw blood or insert catheters to deliver fluids and drugs. The device can accurately steer...
Optical Defects as Sources of Quantum Light
STANFORD, Calif., March 6, 2020 — Researchers at Stanford University are investigating light-emitting defects in materials that could someday enable quantum-based technologies. Once understood, these defects could be controlled and potentially provide bright, on-demand, predictable...
Metasurface-Based Contact Lenses Could Correct Red-Green Color Blindness
TEL AVIV, Israel, March 6, 2020 — A custom contact lens could offer a convenient way to help people who experience color blindness. Researchers at Tel Aviv University (TAU) embedded large-scale, plasmonic metasurfaces into off-the-shelf contact lenses and studied the ability of the...
Researchers Use Photonic Systems to Improve Quantum Orienteering Protocols
HEFEI, China, March 5, 2020 — Scientists at the University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) have enhanced the performance of quantum orienteering with entangling measurements via photonic quantum walks. Quantum entanglement can manifest itself in both quantum states and...
SwRI Delivers Ultraviolet Spectrograph for Jupiter Mission
SAN ANTONIO, March 5, 2020 — An ultraviolet spectrograph (UVS) designed and built by Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) is the first scientific instrument to be delivered for integration onto the European Space Agency’s (ESA) Jupiter Icy Moon Explorer (JUICE) spacecraft....
In FET Open Project, Researchers Chart Course for Bio-LEDs
GRAZ, Austria, March 5, 2020 — Scientists at Graz University of Technology (TU Graz) are working with research teams from Spain and Italy on environmentally friendly, inexpensive LEDs. The Graz team, led by Gustav Oberdorfer, is designing proteins with the help of simulation...
World Faces Air Pollution Threat, and Light Technology Could Help
MAINZ, Germany, March 5, 2020 — Air pollution is responsible for shortening people's lives worldwide on a scale far greater than wars and other forms of violence and than parasitic and vector-borne diseases such as malaria, HIV/AIDS, and smoking, according to a study published...
Terahertz Field Stabilizes Surface State of Topological Materials
AMES, Iowa, March 4, 2020 — Some topological materials are insulators in their bulk form but possess electron-conducting behavior on their surfaces. The contrast in the behavior of these surface electrons is promising for future applications but challenging to control....
Optogenetic Control of Protein Speeds ALS Symptoms in Zebrafish
MISHIMA, Japan, March 3, 2020 — A joint research group in Japan reproduced amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) symptoms in zebrafish by remotely controlling a disease-associated protein molecule with light. In ALS, motor neurons progressively degenerate and accumulate inclusions...
Tiny Micromotor Powered by Light
WARSAW, Poland, March 3, 2020 — Researchers at the University of Warsaw’s Faculty of Physics collaborated with researchers from the Polish Academy of Science and Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University to demonstrate a rotary micromotor powered with light using liquid...
2D Material Takes on Chirality of Circularly Polarized Light
CAMBRIDGE, Mass., March 2, 2020 — Physicists at MIT have uncovered a new way to test whether or not a material is chiral, and have also found a way to enhance the overall chirality in a large piece of material. The material they used, titanium diselenide (TiSe2), is a...
Materials Integrated with Silicon Photonics Manipulate Light Phase at Low Loss
NEW YORK, March 2, 2020 — A Columbia University team used a 2D material from the transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) class to control the phase of light without changing its amplitude or depleting its power. By placing the atomically thin material on top of passive silicon...
Researchers Demonstrate 3-Photon Split in the Microwave Domain
WATERLOO, Ontario, Feb. 28, 2020 — Researchers at the University of Waterloo have directly split one photon into three. To do so, they created a non-Gaussian state of light using spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC). Traditional SPDC, which splits a high-energy pump photon...
Technique Interprets Hyperspectral Images Using Phasor Approach
LOS ANGELES, Feb. 28, 2020 — An imaging technique called spectrally encoded enhanced representations (SEER) provides greater clarity and works up to 67 times faster and at 2.7 times greater definition than existing spectral imaging techniques, according to its developers at the...
Organic Nanomaterials and Metal Particles Could Mean Better Batteries
BUSAN, South Korea, Feb. 28, 2020 — Researchers from the National Korea Maritime and Ocean University have developed a method for adding metals to organic materials that they claim is simple, safe, and cost-effective. The method will allow the production of sodium-ion batteries, an...
Researchers Develop Method to Dramatically Reduce Imaging Noise
HOBOKEN, N.J., Feb. 27, 2020 — Researchers at Stevens Institute of Technology created a 3D imaging system that uses light’s quantum properties to create images 40,000 times crisper than current technologies. The research could allow for better lidar sensing and detection,...
Weeklong Bootcamp Provides Hands-On Experience in Integrated Photonics
CAMBRIDGE, Mass., Feb. 27, 2020 — A January weeklong integrated photonics bootcamp, offered by MIT as part of its work with the manufacturing institute AIM Photonics, provided students with the opportunity to solve problems using lab equipment to test passive photonic chips,...
Optics, Chemistry, Materials Sciences Use Light to Manipulate Light
PITTSBURGH, Feb. 26, 2020 — Researchers from the University of Pittsburgh’s Swanson School of Engineering, Harvard University, and McMaster University have revealed a hydrogel that can respond to optical stimuli and modify the stimuli in response. A convergence of...

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