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Research & Technology News

Researchers Announce Record for Plasma Accelerator Operation
HAMBURG, Germany, Aug. 24, 2020 — A team of researchers at Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY) has run a laser plasma accelerator for more than a day while continuously producing electron beams. The LUX beamline, jointly operated and developed by DESY and the University of Hamburg, achieved a runtime of 30 hr. “This brings us a big step closer to the steady operation of this innovative particle accelerator technology,” said Andreas R. Maier, who leads the group. During the record-breaking nonstop
Smartphone-Measured Photoplethysmography Serves as Digital Biomarker of Diabetes
SAN FRANCISCO, Aug. 24, 2020 — A noninvasive digital biomarker is being developed at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) for detecting Type 2 diabetes using a smartphone camera and deep learning algorithm. This innovation could provide a low-cost, in-home...
Design Breakthrough Could Spur Advancements in Solar-Pumped Lasers
TOKYO, Aug. 21, 2020 — A team of researchers from Tokai University and Tokyo Motors has developed a fully planar solar-pumped laser. The laser does not require complex light-concentrating systems and is capable of efficiently powering hydrogen fuel generators. The...
NSF Grant to Advance Sensing and Imaging Technologies for Precision Agriculture
ALEXANDRIA, Va., Aug. 21, 2020 — With a five-year, $26 million grant, the National Science Foundation (NSF) has established the Engineering Research Center for the Internet of Things for Precision Agriculture (ERC IoT4Ag). The center, which is headquartered at the University of...
OCT-Based Technique Captures Details of Photoreceptor Function
DAVIS, Calif., Aug. 21, 2020 — Researchers from the University of California, Davis (UC Davis) have developed an instrument that has measured tiny, light-evoked deformations in individual rods and cones in a living human eye. The approach may one day improve detection of macular...
Photoacoustic Microscopy Promises Quick 2D Imaging of Tissue
PASADENA, Calif., Aug. 20, 2020 — A research team led by Lihong Wang of the California Institute of Technology has developed a two-dimensional multifocal optical resolution photoacoustic microscopy (MFOR-PAM) system using a 2D microlens array for optical excitation, and an acoustic...
Tunable Photosensitive Metamaterials Could Improve Elastic Wave Control
LILLE, France, Aug. 20, 2020 — Metamaterials are materials designed with a particular geometric structure in order to obtain new physical properties. A metamaterial can alter the propagation of elastic waves so as to reduce or block them over a certain range of frequencies...
Display Resolution Increases by 3D-Printing Quantum Dot Nanopixels
CHANGWON, South Korea, Aug. 19, 2020 — A display technology developed at the Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute (KERI) produces 3D pixels with nanoscale dimensions by 3D-printing quantum dots (QDs) embedded in polymer nanowires. The technology — called “nanophotonic...
Multilayered Liquid Crystal Formed Through Phase Separation Exhibits Multiple Colors
SEOUL, South Korea, Aug. 19, 2020 — A technique for fabricating multilayered liquid crystals could potentially replace the color-shifting ink used for preventing forgery of bank notes, ID cards, and other items. Developed jointly by researchers at the Korea Institute of Science and...
Photonic Instruments, Components Driving (and Steering) NASA’s Mars Rover
Aug 19, 2020 — Numerous photonic devices and applications are contributing to the pursuit of microbial life on Mars, or, more accurately, the quest to determine if, among other novel possibilities, such lifeforms once inhabited the Red Planet. Among the hundreds...
Nanoscale LED Bypasses Efficiency Droop to Take on Laser Qualities
GAITHERSBURG, Md., Aug. 18, 2020 — Using microscopic LEDs in a laboratory setting, a team of researchers including scientists from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has increased the brightness of laser light, as well as the ability to manufacture it in a...
Photocatalyst Combination Enables Efficient Water Splitting
NAGANO, Japan, Aug. 18, 2020 — The breakdown of water has long been conceived as a clean way to produce hydrogen fuel, but the process has proven to be inefficient for widespread energy production in this manner. But the work of a team of scientists from Shinshu University and...
Using VIS-NIR Spectroscopy to Quantify Soil Contamination
LINCOLN, Neb., Aug. 18, 2020 — Researchers at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln have found a new method to assess oil contamination in soil by using VIS-NIR spectroscopy. The technique has significant advantages over previous methods. Traditional methods of analyzing samples are...
Converting Solar Energy into Hydrogen Fuel with Photosynthesis
HAIFA, Israel, Aug. 17, 2020 — Researchers from the Israel Institute of Technology are designing a photocatalyst capable of breaking down water into hydrogen fuel. The group reports record efficiency for solar-to-fuel conversion and intends to incorporate the mechanics of...
New One-step Fabrication Technique Yields Ultrathin Flat Lenses
MELBOURNE, Australia, Aug. 17, 2020 — An international team of researchers has developed a method of fabricating high-performance lenses in monolayer two-dimensional transitional metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) material using a femtosecond laser. The lens has a subwavelength resolution and...
High-Performance Diamond Sensors Made with Glass Fiber Can Be Used in the Field
MELBOURNE, Australia, Aug. 14, 2020 — Scientists at RMIT University and the University of Adelaide have developed a diamond sensor using conventional fibers. They embedded μm-scale diamond particles within the cross-section of a silicate glass fiber. The diamond-doped optical fibers...
Real-Time Imaging Technology Can Help to Prevent Dust Explosions
WEST LAFAYETTE, Ind., Aug. 14, 2020 — Researchers at Purdue University have built an imaging application to detect suspended dust concentrations that pose a risk of exploding in agricultural, powder-handling, and manufacturing settings. The application establishes a relationship between...
Ultraviolet Communications Framework Will Help Secure US Army Networks
ADELPHI, Md., Aug. 14, 2020 — The U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) has developed a framework to study how easily ultraviolet communication (UVC) systems can be detected. Although the work focuses on longer-term applications, it could ultimately enable more secure network...
Cost-Effective Coatings for Smart Windows Rival Industry-Standard Performance
MELBOURNE, Australia, Aug. 13, 2020 — An inexpensive, ultrathin spray-on window coating for blocking heat and conducting electricity could further reduce energy costs for smart windows and heat-repelling glass, making smart window technology more widely accessible. It was developed by a...
Electrically Injected Diode Laser Could Increase Microprocessing Speed and Operational Efficiency
FAYETTEVILLE, Ark., Aug. 13, 2020 — A team of materials science researchers led by Shui-Qing “Fisher” Yu of the University of Arkansas has demonstrated use of an electrically injected laser made with germanium tin. The materials are low cost and could improve...
Nonlinear Multimode Waveguide for Flip-Flopping Azimuthons Demonstrated
XI’AN, China, Aug. 13, 2020 — A research team from Xi’an Jiaotong University has demonstrated weakly nonlinear waveguides that guarantee the stable propagation of vortex beams known as azimuthons. The research may have applications in encoding and encrypting optical...
4D OCT Helps to Solve Mystery of Early Embryonic Heartbeat
HOBOKEN, N.J., Aug. 12, 2020 — Scientists from Stevens Institute of Technology and Baylor College of Medicine used 4D optical coherence tomography (OCT) to study the pumping mechanism underlying the developing mammalian heart. 4D OCT allowed them to investigate the functional...
German Collaboration Improves Accuracy and Speed of Metal-cutting Lasers
AACHEN, Germany, Aug. 12, 2020 — Research collaborators from Fraunhofer Institute of Laser Technology (ILT), KOSTAL Kontakt Systeme GmbH, Amphos GmbH, and Pulsar Photonics GmbH have combined the precision and quality of helical drilling and the efficiency of multibeam processing to...
Titanate Nanowire Mask Can Trap Pathogens and Destroy Them with Light
LAUSANNE, Switzerland, Aug. 12, 2020 — A personal protection equipment (PPE) mask made from a membrane of titanium oxide nanowires could provide a safe and environmentally sound alternative to disposable paper masks that trap pathogens but do not destroy them. Developed by researchers at...
Imaging Method Enables Research on Abundant Cellular Protein Actin
LA JOLLA, Calif., Aug. 11, 2020 — Researchers at the Salk Institute have developed a new imaging method that allows them to monitor actin, a small subset of skeleton-like filaments within cells. The method has enabled research on how actin mediates an important function: helping...

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