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Laser Microscopy Technique Reduces Sample Damage

Apr 1, 1997 — SAN JOSE, Calif. -- Breakthroughs in a relatively new laser-based microscopy technique have produced high-resolution images of living specimens with relatively little photodamage. The less harmful nature of the infrared light it uses makes the technique, called multiphoton excitation, more useful than earlier excitation techniques using confocal microscopy in many areas of bioresearch. Cornell University physicist Watt Webb announced to a standing-room-only audience at the SPIE Biomedical...

Measurement System Ensures that Black Is Black on Displays

Apr 1, 1997 — Conventional techniques of assessing contrast in displays fall short and often vary depending on reflections that caused "veiling glare" in the measurement device's optical system. Researchers at the National Institute of Standards and Technology...

Near-Field Scanning Optical Microscopy Measures Diode Beam Properties

Apr 1, 1997 — Astigmatism is a problem for laser diodes, and even after applying correctional optics, residual astigmatism (a few microns) remains because of laser-to-laser variations. In addition, temperature and pump current variations may affect astigmatism...

Optical Sensor Keeps Tabs on Rocket Fuel

Apr 1, 1997 — MARLY-LE ROI, France -- Bigger is not always better -- especially when you are building rockets. A new optic sensor under development in France could provide flight engineers with the first pressure readings from inside the liquid gas fuel tanks...

Photonics Eyed To Cut Light Bills

Apr 1, 1997 — OAK RIDGE, Tenn. -- Using collectors to gather sunlight and optical waveguides to transport the light, researchers at the US Department of Energy's Oak Ridge National Laboratory have put together the first pieces of a hybrid lighting system that...

Side-Pumping Diodes Mean More Power for Materials Processing

Apr 1, 1997 — SUNNYVALE, Calif. -- A novel technology in which a side-pumped laser diode drives a solid-state laser source could mean more power and greater precision for materials processing applications, say the scientists who developed it. Use of diode lasers...

French Navy Looks at Optical Sensors to Avoid Electromagnetic Pulses

Mar 1, 1997 — Photonetics SA and the Direction des Constructions Navales are making final tests on a wide range of optical sensors and systems to prove that optical networks are the way to go. Using silicon wafers, glass plates and fiber optics, the French Navy...

MCI Tests Wavelength Division Multiplexing System

Mar 1, 1997 — In an effort to increase the capacity of its existing fiber plant, telecommunications giant MCI has launched what it calls the first real-world combination of a 10-Gb/s OC-192 networking system and wavelength division multiplexing on 60 circuits...

Micro- and Nanosatellites Could Populate New Earth-Orbit Constellations

Mar 1, 1997 — A team of researchers from The Aerospace Corp., led by I.L. Helvajian, hopes developments in laser machining will allow space agencies and communications companies to produce satellites with diameters under 15 cm, the same way hardware manufacturers...

NASA Detector Could Help Prevent Gas Explosions

Mar 1, 1997 — Researchers at NASA Langley Research Center have developed an optical flameout detection system for monitoring the combustor in the research center's propulsion test air tunnel. The fast-responding (less than 100 ms) detection process monitors light...

Optical Imaging Sheds Light on Brain Function

Mar 1, 1997 — Britton Chance of the University of Pennsylvania presented his work on functional near-infrared imaging of brain activity using 760- and 860-nm light from a phased array image system. Chance's team scanned the brains of college students while they...

Partnership Targets Laser Patterning for Flat-Panel Displays

Mar 1, 1997 — General Scanning Inc. of Watertown, Mass., and an undisclosed industry partner are developing a novel laser patterning system for use in the manufacture of flat-panel displays. The company will design and build a prototype system to prove the...

Safer, Cheaper Laser-Based Alternative to Prostate Resection Presented

Mar 1, 1997 — Surgeon John Kabalin of Stanford University School of Medicine gave a presentation describing HoLRP, a new transurethral/endoscopic procedure he helped develop as an alternative to transurethral prostatic resection. Kabalin said the HoLRP is as...

Scientists Study Galaxies Developing in Hubble Deep Field

Mar 1, 1997 — Merging galaxies and fluctuations in star population were reported by astronomers at the University of California at Santa Cruz's Keck Telescope. Employing Keck's low-resolution imaging spectrograph along with the Hubble Space Telescope, scientists...

University Looks at New Way to Detect Breast Cancer

Mar 1, 1997 — Researchers at City College of CUNY, led by R.R. Alfano, are testing a new electronic gate with a shutter speed of 80 ps to image calcium compound particles in turbid media -- breast milk. Doctors use three-dimensional images of the calcium...

X-Ray Observations Confirm Predictions of Black Hole Signature

Mar 1, 1997 — Researchers at Stanford University observed a potential new black hole, comprising a unique signature that could help determine the mass and rotation rate of such objects with greater accuracy. The observations, made with a Rossi x-ray timing...

Astronomers Rise Above the Chaos

Feb 1, 1997 — GREENBELT, Md. -- Astronomers at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center are using chaos-control technology to make an infrared semiconductor laser system more effective for spectroscopy.The term chaos can be misleading, according to Gordon Chin, head of...

Bioengineering Gets a Boost

Feb 1, 1997 — ROCHESTER, N.Y. -- A $986,000 grant from the Whitaker Foundation will boost the biomedical engineering program at the University of Rochester.The grant will help fund a teaching laboratory and three new faculty members to the schools of engineering...

Crystal Simulation Shows Promise in High-Efficiency Light Bending

Feb 1, 1997 — CAMBRIDGE, Mass. -- A photonic crystal specially designed to bend light sharply with near-perfect transmission could be the key to further miniaturization of optical computer chips and lasers, according to the scientists at the Massachusetts...

European Space Agency Tests Optical Data Transmission in Space

Feb 1, 1997 — The European Space Agency (ESA) is using three telescope flight models from Carl Zeiss for its Satellite Interlink Experiment (SILEX) space research project. The mission to provide optical data links between ESA's SPOT 4 low-flying Earth-observation...

Excimer Laser Sheath Holds Promise for Pacemaker-Lead Removal

Feb 1, 1997 — Spectranetics Corp. of Colorado Springs, Colo., has filed an application with the US Food and Drug Administration for premarket approval of its excimer Laser Sheath for removal of pacemaker and implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) leads. The...

Fiber Optic Probe Identifies Hazardous Contaminants

Feb 1, 1997 — WASHINGTON -- Hazardous waste site assessment and remediation are receiving increased attention these days, and a new development from the US Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) should enhance these efforts.A fiber optic infrared reflectance probe that...

Gene-Scanning Chip Promises to Accelerate Biomedical Research

Feb 1, 1997 — A small silicon chip developed at Stanford University School of Medicine uses photolithographic and genetic engineering techniques to study several thousand genes simultaneously. The thumbnail-size GeneChip, developed with Affymetrix of Santa Clara,...

Infant Technology Is More Than a Gleam in Its Developer's Eye

Feb 1, 1997 — SEATTLE -- If a photonics technology firm here has its way, soldiers, surgeons and video game fans will analyze their respective real or virtual environments in a whole new light. With a technique called virtual retinal display, computer users could...

Laser Detector Stymies Laser Weapons on High-Tech Battlefields

Feb 1, 1997 — Canadian-based The Alwend Group says its government's high angular resolution laser irradiance detector (HARLID) offers modern-day military the best defense against being targeted by laser-directed ordnance. The group is marketing the 1-Band HARLID...

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