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Zinc Oxide Holds Promise as LED Material

Jun 1, 1997 — In the quest to produce efficient and lasting blue light-emitting diodes, one material has been largely overlooked -- zinc oxide.Although ZnO has a room-temperature band gap of 3.37 eV and high exciton binding energy, scientists have focused more on ZnSe and GaN for blue diodes. Researchers from Japan's Tohoku University recently reported optically pumped lasing in ZnO epitaxial layers at room temperature.

Amplifier Promises To Improve Charge-Coupled Devices

May 1, 1997 — LOS ALAMOS, N.M. -- A charge-coupled device (CCD), the component that converts light into electronic signals in scientific and commercial imaging instruments, is only as good as its amplifier. A new amplifier developed at Los Alamos National...

Colorful Laser Aims at Inspection, Displays

May 1, 1997 — LOS ALAMOS, N.M. -- Laser displays and semiconductor inspection could be the future applications for a fiber-based solid-state laser that emits in the red, orange, green or blue.The discovery was, in large part, an accident. Timothy Gosnell and Ping...

Conference Highlights Medical, Entertainment Laser Safety

May 1, 1997 — ORLANDO, Fla. -- A better understanding of the hazards of the surgical laser plume, real-time videos of retinal laser lesions in live animal's eyes and an in-depth examination of endotracheal laser accidents were among the highlights of the Third...

Cryogenic Expansion Blurs Hubble Images

May 1, 1997 — Expanding nitrogen used to cool infrared detectors inside the Hubble Space Telescope's Near Infrared Camera and Multi-Object Spectrometer has caused one of the instrument's cameras to go out of focus. NASA scientists detected the foul-up shortly...

Diode Lasers Are at the Heart of Cardiac Monitoring System

May 1, 1997 — CAMBRIDGE, Mass. -- Since 1970, doctors have injected patients with iced saline to measure their hearts' blood output. Periodic injections provide reliable results but do not allow doctors to constantly monitor patients.An infrared irradiating...

Don't Blink! Ultrafast Diffraction Captures Complex Phenomena

May 1, 1997 — PASADENA, Calif. -- Scientists at the California Institute of Technology have demonstrated a technique for producing light in femtosecond pulses, giving molecular chemists a peek at previously invisible chemical processes. Ahmed Zewail and his...

Frequency-Doubled Red Diode Laser Produces Ultraviolet Light Efficiently

May 1, 1997 — Japanese researchers have taken another step toward a compact ultraviolet light source that has great potential in high-density optical storage and biomedical applications. Scientists at Matsushita Electric Industrial Co.'s Development Center in...

Infrared Camera Decloaks Invisible Flames

May 1, 1997 — A shoebox-size infrared camera could be a firefighter's most effective weapon in avoiding deadly invisible flames from hydrogen or alcohol fires. Engineers at NASA's John C. Stennis Space Center in Mississippi discovered that filters on...

Lab Wants to Slap Enemies Senseless

May 1, 1997 — LOS ALAMOS, N.M. -- Some folks think that the US military's vast stockpile of so-called antiquated weapons should be destined for the trash bin, when all they really need is a good slap. Scientists at Los Alamos National Laboratory are developing a...

Laser Machines Microthrusters

May 1, 1997 — LOS ANGELES -- As part of a program to create a mass-producible nanosatellite, scientists at the Aerospace Corp. are developing batch material processing techniques that use UV lasers to create complicated 3-D micro- and mesoscale structures in...

Laser-Chilled Atoms Sit for Ultrafast Portrait

May 1, 1997 — Physicists from the University of Michigan recently fired 70-fs pulses from a Ti:sapphire laser to control the random movements of atoms in a potassium-tantalite crystal. The laser was split in two beams, with one arriving at the crystal target a...

Multibeam Technique Improves Eye Surgery, Machining

May 1, 1997 — WERMELSKIRCHEN, Germany -- Many excimer laser beams are better than just one, at least for laser eye surgery and for precise laser machining, according to the scientists who developed a new excimer laser technique.Surgeons can correct many vision...

Sapphire Could Become Interferometry's Crowning Jewel

May 1, 1997 — NEDLANDS, Australia -- The gemology community considers sapphire to be one of the most precious stones on Earth, and researchers believe that the blue crystals' use as beamsplitters in laser interferometer gravitational wave detectors could be just...

Silver 'Mirrors' Reflect Single Molecule's Wild Dance

May 1, 1997 — Researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology have discovered a way to identify the structure of a single molecule, knowledge that could prove invaluable for biomedical applications such as human gene analysis. The method,...

Spectroscopy Gauges Blast Potential

May 1, 1997 — ATLANTA -- When FBI agents rush into the hideouts of terrorist groups, they often find jars of chemicals that could be explosive. Some explosives are so dangerous that they would be downright deadly under even the gentlest of jostling, so carrying...

Ti:sapphire Laser Amplifier Produces 5 W Average Power

May 1, 1997 — Scientists from Quantronix Corp. and the City University of New York's Center for Advanced Technology have developed a femtosecond Ti:sapphire laser amplifier system that generates an average power output of 5 W. The Titan comprises a regenerative...

'Bug Eyes' Offer Potential for Collision Warning

Apr 1, 1997 — ADELAIDE, Australia -- Austrailian researchers at the Centre for High Performance Integrated Technologies and Systems at the University of Adelaide have developed a decision-making optical sensor on a single- chip system with a little inspiration...

Aluminum-Free Diodes Offer Doubled Power Potential

Apr 1, 1997 — Researchers at the University of Wisconsin-Madison and Coherent Inc. have produced diode lasers with aluminum-free active areas, which they expect will operate more reliably than AlGaAs-active diodes and will provide roughly twice the power. Writing...

Cameras, Infrared Sensors Nab California Toll Cheaters

Apr 1, 1997 — Four of the 12 tollbooths on the Interstate 80 Carquinez Bridge in Northern California are using photonics technology to catch drivers who do not pay the toll. Caltrans is testing a new automatic toll-collection system that recognizes transponders...

Design Breakthrough Improves Lossy Confocal Microscopes

Apr 1, 1997 — OXFORD, UK -- Engineers at the University of Oxford have discovered a way to get up to 50 times the light efficiency from confocal microscope systems that currently employ a component called a Nipkow disc. By replacing the Nipkow disc with a...

High-Power Quantum Cascade Laser Works, Chilled, in the IR

Apr 1, 1997 — Researchers at the University of Houston's Space Vacuum Epitaxy Center and Sandia National Laboratories have developed high-power infrared semiconductor lasers that combine standard diode laser and quantum cascade laser technologies. The research...

Infrared Device Measures Wave Temperatures, Dude

Apr 1, 1997 — SAN DIEGO -- If surfers here want a sure-fire way to find the "hottest" waves, they might do well to adopt a technique from the University of Washington's Applied Physics Laboratory in Seattle. Scientists are using an infrared imager to measure the...

Intensified CCDs Detect Single-Photon Emission

Apr 1, 1997 — TRENTON, N.J. -- The new generation of high-resolution, back-illuminated intensified charge-coupled device (CCD) cameras will allow scientists to directly study the processes that regulate individual molecules, expanding the bodies of knowledge in...

Israeli Conference Marks Industry's Anniversary

Apr 1, 1997 — JERUSALEM -- A glimpse into the future by the laser's discoverer and a retrospective on the development of holography highlighted the 10th Meeting on Optical Engineering held last month at Jerusalem's International Convention Center. Keynote...

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