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Feb 1, 1998 — Reducing stray light is a problem that engineers often encounter when designing optical instruments. One method of achieving this reduction is to apply absorptive coatings on an instrument's critical components. Applications for the coating are plentiful; an initial one is on instruments Monitor-3 and VDP on the Russian space mission INTERBALL. A team of researchers from Kyrgyz Academy of Sciences in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan, the University of California at Berkeley and the Paul Scherrer Institute...

Optics Test Could Affect Future Microchips

Feb 1, 1998 — A recent test of optical coatings at MIT may lead to increased interest in solid-state light sources for next-generation microchip lithography. MIT staff scientist Vladimir Liberman conducted the study to evaluate the state of excimer-grade fused...

Raman Spectroscopy Detects Herbicides in Water

Feb 1, 1998 — Raman Spectroscopy Detects Herbicides in Water ANN ARBOR, Mich. -- Researchers at the University of Michigan have employed Raman spectroscopy to measure two herbicides in water. The herbicides, paraquat and diquat, contain chemicals that cause plant...

Single-Mode Tunable Laser Backs up Optical Networks

Feb 1, 1998 — KISTA, Sweden -- Researchers have designed a semiconductor laser tunable in the erbium range that could replace more than 40 conventional fixed-wavelength lasers in dense wavelength division multiplex (WDM) systems. The new laser, a grating coupler...

Technique Lifts Shadows Surrounding Turbulence

Feb 1, 1998 — LOS ANGELES -- A new imaging technique could lead to a better understanding of nonlinear relationships and fiber optic communication by studying fluids. Physicist Steve Putterman at the University of California at Los Angeles and associates at the...

UV Spectroscopy Gauges Sea Salt

Feb 1, 1998 — PADOVA, Italy -- Ultraviolet absorption measurements provide a precise gauge of sea water salinity, an important gauge of ecological health, according to marine researchers here. Measuring sea salinity is important in assessing the movements of...

Diffuser Clarifies Cloud Studies

Jan 1, 1998 — LAMONT, Okla. -- Several design improvements including a reflective instead of transmissive light diffuser panel and fiber optic probe should help the US Department of Energy (DoE) better understand how radiation in the atmosphere affects weather...

Diode Laser Finds Home Aboard Columbia

Jan 1, 1998 — The video guidance sensor aboard the space shuttle Columbia featured eight fiber-coupled diode lasers as its essential components. The fiber-coupled lasers, manufactured by Opto Power Corp. of Tucson, Ariz., helped scientists from the Marshall Space...

For detectives who are hard-pressed to find clues at a crime scene…

Jan 1, 1998 — Sandia National Laboratories offers a solution. Researchers at the Albuquerque, N.M., laboratory are developing an evidence-detection system that illuminates the natural fluorescence of fingerprints, body fluids and other organic substances that may...

Future Looks Bright for Sol-Gel Techniques

Jan 1, 1998 — JENA, Germany -- Seven European partners have completed a three-year project to develop sol-gel processing techniques for waveguides, lens arrays, waveguide amplifiers, electro-optical modulators, switches and other elements. The goal was to develop...

Honey, I Shrunk the Lab

Jan 1, 1998 — PRINCETON, N.J. -- In a development reminiscent of Hollywood, chemists may soon find their extensive laboratory set-ups reduced to the size of a small laptop computer. Luckily, the chemists themselves can remain full size. Using microfabrication and...

Laser Could Extend Optical Lithography into VUV

Jan 1, 1998 — Lambda Physik of Göttingen, Germany, has developed a high-power, vacuum UV light source that may enable optical lithography to reach beyond the limits of the 193-nm ArF lasers now in use.

Laser Firms Eye Medical Markets

Jan 1, 1998 — SAN DIEGO -- New technologies are improving industrial perceptions about laser materials processing, and new markets, including medical products, are opening doors to companies that can solve manufacturing problems, according to speakers at the...

Low-Power, Time-Domain Holography Holds Promise

Jan 1, 1998 — MENLO PARK, Calif. -- A recent demonstration of time-domain holography could dispel beliefs that holographic memories need high-power lasers to function. Holographic memories, characterized by ultrahigh storage densities, rapid data transfer rates...

Molecular 'Antenna' Captures Light

Jan 1, 1998 — Researchers from the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor and the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign have developed a class of dendrimer molecules that "harvest" light. The molecules have a unique, treelike structure that enables them to...

Navy's 'Dark Horse' Could Lead to Unmanned Combat Flight

Jan 1, 1998 — Scientists at the Naval Research Laboratory have demonstrated real-time, hyperspectral detection of both airborne and ground targets. The detection system, part of the laboratory's "Dark Horse" program, employs a high-resolution imager, pointing...

Near-Field Microscopes Speed Up

Jan 1, 1998 — NEW HAVEN, Conn. -- Chemically etching a near-field optical fiber probe tip has enabled researchers at Yale University to improve the scanning rate of a near-field optical microscope. The etching technique, which produces near-field tips of about 70...

Optical Gel Senses Chemicals

Jan 1, 1998 — PITTSBURGH -- By forming a functionalized gel around an array of colloidal particles, researchers have created a sensor that indicates the presence of specific chemicals by a shift in the gel's optical diffraction. Now they can use optical methods...

Photonic Crystal Portends Fiber Optics Breakthrough

Jan 1, 1998 — CAMBRIDGE, Mass. -- Researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology have designed and tested a silicon device that some view as an important step toward creating fiber optic communication systems with dramatically increased efficiency and...

Photos Indicate Water on Mars

Jan 1, 1998 — ITHACA,N.Y. -- Scientists report that the more than 9500 images taken during the Mars Pathfinder mission provide strong geological evidence that water was once present on the Red Planet. A group of researchers including James Bell, a senior research...

Researchers Take Crucial Step Toward Miniature Optical Devices

Jan 1, 1998 — Two Columbia University researchers have advanced the development of miniaturized optical devices such as microlasers and implantable medical sensors. Richard Osgood and Miguel Levy bonded a 9-µm-thick sheet of magnetic garnet, a photonic...

Sand-Size Transmission Aids Space Exploration

Jan 1, 1998 — A group of scientists at Sandia National Laboratories have developed a transmission about the size of a grain of sand that could prove useful in optical telescopes and optical switching in telephone lines. The minuscule polysilicon transmission will...

Scientists Solve H 2 O Mystery

Jan 1, 1998 — For the last 50 years, scientists have sought to understand the biochemical and physical processes that take place in liquid H2O. They employed such methods as dielectric relaxation, spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance, but these methods...

Software Gauges Efficiency of AR Coatings

Jan 1, 1998 — A British researcher has developed software that analyzes new antireflection coatings for optical systems. Geoff Adams, of UK-based Optical Software Co., has developed WinLens for Spindler & Hoyer -- software for designers of multi-glass...

Stabilized Laser Source Is Key to Interferogram

Jan 1, 1998 — A researcher from CSO Mesure in Grenoble, France, has produced a high-frequency laser source that could prove useful in next-generation interferometric spectrometers. Developed as part of a project to take metrology readings from space, CSO's laser...

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