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Research & Technology News

Optical Detector Measures Volatility of Coal Dust
Mar 1, 1998 — Mine operators have long had to keep a close eye on the buildup of coal dust in underground mines. Too much of the combustible dust could lead to an explosion. A group of researchers from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health in Pittsburgh has begun work on a handheld optical probe that could provide immediate readings on the amount of coal dust present in a mine. A light-emitting diode in the probe emits near-infrared radiation. When the meter is inserted into the dust...
Optical Fiber Measures Turbulence
Mar 1, 1998 — A team of physicists from the University of Pittsburgh and the University of Bordeaux, France, has demonstrated a fiber optic device that measures the two-dimensional turbulence of fluids quickly and inexpensively. This development could simplify...
Process Makes Single-Crystal Diamond a Reality
Mar 1, 1998 — LMA Inc. has developed a process that grows single-crystal diamond that has performed significantly better than conventional polycrystalline diamond in tests, enabling a host of photonic applications from advanced diode lasers to UV-transmissive...
Researchers Inch Closer to X-Ray Wavelengths
Mar 1, 1998 — Scientists have long sought to explore the structure of matter at the atomic and molecular level. To achieve this, they have been working toward developing a self-amplified spontaneous emission x-ray free-electron laser. Recently, a team from the...
Researchers Work on Laser-Cooled Atomic Clock
Mar 1, 1998 — A team of researchers at the National Institute of Standards and Technology is set to begin work on an advanced laser-cooled cesium atomic clock slated to go aboard the international space station. The clock will employ the latest techniques for...
Scanning Probe Microscope Looks at Liquids' Surfaces
Mar 1, 1998 — Researchers at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory have developed a scanning probe microscope that can show the surfaces of liquids with horizontal resolutions of about 100 Å and vertical resolutions of about 1 Å. Dubbed scanning...
Scientists Bubble with Excitement
Mar 1, 1998 — If you've ever looked deep into a glass of champagne or beer you've probably noticed the strings of bubbles floating around in the liquid and have swallowed them without any great harm. But would you keep drinking if you knew that bubbles can start...
Spectroscopy Advance Targets Industrial Applications
Mar 1, 1998 — Industry has been slow to accept laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy for chemical analysis because of the technology's inherent signal instability and because it measures relative, rather than absolute, concentrations of trace elements. However,...
Spectroscopy Identifies Tooth Decay
Mar 1, 1998 — Researchers from two German institutions have used near-infrared Raman spectroscopy to identify tooth decay in a variety of stages, and in tooth-colored fillings. Traditionally, dentists have examined suspicious teeth with a dental probe, a...
Terabit Networks Become Reality
Mar 1, 1998 — A flexible, high-power, erbium-doped fiber amplifier technology, optimized planar waveguides and externally modulated lasers form the heart of a new optical network from Lucent Technologies that is capable of transmitting 3.2 Tb/s. At the core...
Three-Laser Method Goes Beyond Diamond Films
Mar 1, 1998 — Three years after unveiling an advanced method for depositing diamond thin coats, QQC Inc. has disclosed that it used the same three overlapping pulsed lasers to improve the surface of metals, ceramics and polymers. The multilaser process gained...
Ultrafast Spectroscopy Reveals the Potential of Alkanes
Mar 1, 1998 — Chemists have taken another step closer to understanding alkane activation reactions occurring at room temperature, thanks to an ultrafast spectroscopic technique that provides images at a rate of a trillionth of a second. Alkanes are compounds of...
UV Radiation Holds the Key to a New Film Curing Process
Mar 1, 1998 — Engineers at Research Frontiers Inc. in Woodbury, N.Y., have developed a faster process for making light-controllable film by curing it with ultraviolet radiation rather than heat. The process enables manufacturers to produce electrically...
Crystal Eases Blue Laser Production
Feb 1, 1998 — TROY, N.Y. -- Researchers at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute have revived a bit of history in time for the first commercial blue-diode lasers. Companies hoping to manufacture blue lasers face several significant obstacles, including structural and...
Fiber Gratings Affect Noise of Semiconductor Lasers
Feb 1, 1998 — PASADENA, Calif. -- Researchers at the California Institute of Technology's department of applied physics have found a way to manipulate the noise intensity of a semiconductor laser using fiber Bragg gratings -- an advance that could lead to...
Fiber Optic Probes Improve UV Raman Spectroscopy
Feb 1, 1998 — Raman spectroscopy has emerged as an important tool in determining analytical and structural information concerning low concentration aqueous biomolecules. However, many samples require in vivo or in situ sampling. To solve this problem, scientists...
High-Power Lasers Send Electrons Flying
Feb 1, 1998 — PALAISEAU, France -- Scientists from four French and one British laboratories are using high-energy, short-pulse lasers to observe electron acceleration corresponding to an energy gain of 1.6 MeV in a plasma wave of less than 1 cm. Their technique...
Holography Accurately Measures Velocity
Feb 1, 1998 — WEST LAFAYETTE, Ind. -- Scientists at Purdue University have developed a convenient method for measuring the velocity of an object. It could prove particularly useful for remote sensing in manufacturing. Just as a strobe light makes a moving object...
IR Imaging Technology May Rival X-Ray
Feb 1, 1998 — Doctors have relied on x-ray technology for more than a century to diagnose a range of ailments, from broken bones to tumors. Though it is still an indispensable tool, many physicians remain leery of the potential damage the energetic beams can...
Laser Bursts Strengthen Metal Parts
Feb 1, 1998 — LIVERMORE, Calif. -- A new high-energy "laser peening" process can improve metal parts by sending a shock wave through the metal, inducing compressive stresses that reduce metal fatigue and boost resistance to corrosion. Manufacturers have been...
Laser Vision Aids Robotic Welders
Feb 1, 1998 — PARIS -- Shipbuilding plants have sought welders with top-notch skills for years. Now, thanks to photonics, a new breed of welder -- the robotic kind -- could rival humans in expertise and efficiency. The French Welding Institute developed RoboKid,...
Lasers Aid in Bacteria Destruction
Feb 1, 1998 — GLASGOW, Scotland, UK -- Heating bacteria to high temperatures will kill them, but exposing them to Nd:YAG laser light does it better, according to research findings at the University of Glasgow. Ian Watson, Duncan Stewart-Tull and co-workers at the...
Light and Sound Reveal Gas Leaks
Feb 1, 1998 — ANN ARBOR, Mich. -- Automakers are keeping an eye on a technique that uses laser light to detect gas leaks in engine and exhaust parts. Hermetic containers traveling down an assembly line have to be tested for leaks prior to shipping, or...
Mid-IR Lasers Offer Advantages
Feb 1, 1998 — Scientists from the Naval Research Laboratory in Washington and Hughes Research Laboratory in Malibu, Calif., reported that a vertical cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) offers a number of advantages over single-mode edge-emitting lasers....
Moon's Measure Is Old Stuff
Feb 1, 1998 — AUSTIN, Texas -- When a reporter from the London Daily Telegraph and, later, another from the British Broadcasting Co. phoned Peter Shelus, an astronomer at the McDonald Observatory, to ask about his research, the scientist was somewhat baffled. The...

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