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Research & Technology News

Medical Imaging Analysis Technology Used in Radar Applications

Apr 1, 1998 — Researchers from the National Imagery and Mapping Agency in Chantilly, Va., and BioComputer Research Inc. in Trion, Ga., have investigated an application for algorithms developed for medical sonogram image analysis. The algorithms had been used to detect and identify cancer cells in ultrasound prostate images. The same algorithms, however, could detect and identify features in automatic radar. Applications include land mass characterization, target recognition and change detection. A paper on...

Micromirrors Perform Telecom Task

Apr 1, 1998 — SScientists at Bell Labs, the R&D segment of Lucent Technologies in Murray Hill, N.J., have demonstrated a device that incorporates free-space optics and micromirrors to route and switch individual wavelengths transmitted simultaneously over...

Microscope Looks into Centrifuge

Apr 1, 1998 — Researchers at the Marine Biological Laboratory have designed a microscope that allows scientists to see the alignment of molecules in a sample as it spins at high speed in a centrifuge. With this device, scientists will be able to see the changes...

New CCD Could Improve Telescope Resolution

Apr 1, 1998 — With few exceptions, charge-coupled devices have become the preferred method for imaging the universe. There has been one problem: Atmospheric changes such as high winds cause images to blur. To create clearer, more visible images, John Tonry and...

New Fiber Offers Higher Speeds

Apr 1, 1998 — In an effort to meet the increasing demands of high-bandwidth communications networks, Corning Incorporated of Corning, N.Y., introduced its newest single-mode optical fiber at the Optical Fiber Communications Conference in February. Dubbed LEAF,...

Optical Imaging of Cardiac Condition Aids Physicians

Apr 1, 1998 — Medical researchers from the University of Alberta in Edmonton, Canada, may be a step closer to understanding the causes of a severe cardiac condition known as ventricular fibrillation through a series of high-resolution movies that show how the...

Optical Lithography Creates Subangstrom Features in Silicon

Apr 1, 1998 — A group of researchers at the University of Texas has shown the world that conventional optical lithography can continue to produce ever smaller features on computer microchips without resorting to next-generation plasma laser, ion or electron...

Optics Give Hard Drives a New Lease on Life

Apr 1, 1998 — The Winchester-style disk drive, nearing the limits for magnetic storage, has been given a new lease on life, thanks to optics. Computer hard-drive maker Seagate Technology and its Quinta Corp. subsidiary have combined optical switching, fiber...

Photonics Reaps What Farm Denizens Sow

Apr 1, 1998 — Lasers in factories, fiber bundles in operating rooms, even cameras sitting on computer monitors are common sights. Now, based on work being done at the University of North Carolina, optical systems could be found next to every silo or manure pile....

Probes May Aid Retinal Surgery

Apr 1, 1998 — Industrial research projects aimed at manufacturing tiny optical probes may have repercussions in the tricky world of ophthalmic surgery. Peter Bryanston-Cross, a professor and researcher with the Optical Engineering Laboratory at the University of...

Quantum Cascade Laser Lights a Fire at Photonics West

Apr 1, 1998 — Lighting a match with a laser doesn't seem like that big a deal, unless it's done at room temperature using far-IR light from a diode laser. It was in such a fashion that the inventor of quantum cascade laser diode architecture, Federico Capasso of...

Quantum Mechanical Transistor Promises Photonic Applications

Apr 1, 1998 — Scientists at Sandia National Laboratories in Albuquerque, N.M., have developed a quantum mechanical transistor that may increase the accuracy of optical detectors and energy spectrometers. The transistor takes advantage of a phenomenon described in...

Scientists Synchronize Chaotic Lasers

Apr 1, 1998 — In the early 1990s, two scientists at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, Rajarshi Roy and K. Scott Thornburg, made breakthroughs in controlling the chaotic fluctuations in light intensity in certain laser systems. Now Roy has reported...

Spectroscopic Technique Images Cell Physiology

Apr 1, 1998 — Chemists and physiologists from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign have developed an imaging technique that relies on fluorescence spectroscopy to provide detailed information about a cell's physiology. The scientists combined...

Spectroscopy Reveals Benefits of Ocean Particles

Apr 1, 1998 — Bioengineers at the University of Washington are using laser-scattering spectroscopy to determine whether carbon-based molecules in the ocean could play a role in the carbon cycle and, by extension, in moderating the greenhouse effect. Pedro...

Water Aids Laser Materials Processing

Apr 1, 1998 — According to an ancient Roman saying, single drops of water can penetrate rocks. Inspired by this wisdom, a group of Swiss researchers at the Polytechnic Institute of Lausanne has discovered that a clever combination of hydrodynamics and laser...

Adaptive Optics System Enhances 3.5-m Telescope

Mar 1, 1998 — The Max Planck Institute for Astronomy in Heidelberg, Germany, and Adaptive Optics Associates in Cambridge, Mass., have installed an adaptive optics system on the joint German and Spanish 3.5-m telescope in Calar Alto, Spain. The optical system...

Cantilever Thermal Detector to Challenge Microbolometer

Mar 1, 1998 — Researchers at Oak Ridge National Laboratory have developed an uncooled thermal infrared detector that they hope will cut the costs of IR cameras by one-third. Researchers Panos Datskos and Slobodan Rajic have developed a microcantilever,...

Coast Guard Brings New Life to Lighthouse

Mar 1, 1998 — The US Coast Guard has agreed to restore the original lens in a historic Florida lighthouse. The diamondlike lens is one of only eight clamshell-design Fresnel lenses still operating in the US. The Coast Guard had planned to replace the 1907 lens...

Electrons 'Self-Trap' on Crystal Surfaces

Mar 1, 1998 — For years, scientists have sought answers to questions about the microscopic properties of solid surfaces and interfaces. The end of that search may be a little closer, in light of a paper recently published by a team of researchers from the...

External Cavity Amplifier Targets Printing, Imaging and Telecom

Mar 1, 1998 — Targeting low coherence optical coherence tomography, large-scale printing and telecom applications, researchers at the University of Central Florida's Center for Research and Education in Optics and Lasers have developed a flexible multilayer,...

Federal Agencies Join in Air Safety Program

Mar 1, 1998 — Despite the best efforts of air traffic controllers, pilots sometimes have to rely on old-fashioned visual sightings to avoid collisions. Although red or white anticollision lights on planes provide a last defense, the field intensity measurements...

Infrared Sensor Works Better than Coffee

Mar 1, 1998 — A helmet-mounted infrared sensor promises to reduce heavy-truck accidents caused by sleepy drivers. According to South Africa's Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, mining companies suffer substantial losses each year when drivers fall...

Integrated Photodetector Improves Wireless Communications

Mar 1, 1998 — Wireless communications of the future may offer better performance, thanks to a photodetector developed by the University of California's Integrated Photonics Laboratory. The velocity-matched distributed photodetector, developed under the leadership...

Micromachine Aligns Optical Fiber

Mar 1, 1998 — Aligning optical fibers in manufacturing production lines may soon become easier, thanks to an active fiber optic microaligner developed by The Boeing Co. in St. Louis. The prototype device is 4 mm square and 0.5 mm high, small enough to fit inside...

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