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Research & Technology News

Fluorescence Spectroscopy Measures Pollution in Boston Harbor
Jun 1, 1998 — Scientists have a new tool to measure the pollution in Boston Harbor. Researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge, Mass., have developed a portable, fiber optic spectrofluorometer that detects harmful organic compounds. In particular, the device detects polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. When a laser beam excites these compounds, they fluoresce. The more fluorescence detected, the more pollution in the water. The MIT spectrofluorometer is more sensitive than...
Holography Comes to the Masses
Jun 1, 1998 — Since its introduction, holography has been stifled by its lengthy and complicated production process and limitations in image quality -- putting it beyond the reach of commercial success. Two companies are hoping to overcome those barriers by...
Inexpensive Infrared Sensors Rely on Microcantilever
Jun 1, 1998 — In a bid to provide an alternative to high-priced, cooled IR detectors, Sarcon Microsystems Inc. of Knoxille, Tenn., has developed a microcantilever-based sensor priced at about $4000 for a 240 3 320 array. Cooled IR detectors can cost upward of...
Interferometer Detects Microscopic Flaws on Optical Surfaces
Jun 1, 1998 — A team of scientists at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in Livermore, Calif., has developed an absolute interferometer that can detect imperfections less than 1-nm deep in highly polished surfaces, such as lenses or mirrors. The device could...
Ion Plasmas Simplify Atomic Clocks
Jun 1, 1998 — Precision timekeeping and the understanding of white dwarf and neutron stars have been made easier through observations of a laser-cooled ion plasma created by researchers at the National Institute of Standards and Technology. Led by physicist...
Laser Texturing Slashes Cylinder Wear
Jun 1, 1998 — Laser texturing of engine cylinder walls may reduce oil consumption by 40 percent compared with traditional cylinder machining techniques, according to a manufacturer of engine honing equipment. Machine honing of engine cylinder walls gives them...
Machine Vision Spots Spoiled Wheat
Jun 1, 1998 — In the past two years, wheat farmers in the US have faced a serious problem: Fungal spores, known as karnal bunt, have been infecting their crops. To prevent the spread of this blight, farmers and scientists have turned to photonics to speed up...
Multispectral Imager Enhances Remote Sensing
Jun 1, 1998 — Scientists at NASA's John C. Stennis Space Center in Mississippi have developed a portable multispectral imaging device operating in a range of user-selectable bands. The imager produces multiple video images of the same scene at spectral bands...
Open Solar Telescope Overcomes Hot-Air Turbulence
Jun 1, 1998 — A new telescope perched 15 m above a mountaintop promises to solve many of the problems that plague telescopes designed to peer at the sun. Using a scheme that leaves the main mirror of the telescope open to ambient wind, solar researchers from...
Phoenix Finds the Flames
Jun 1, 1998 — A team of engineering students from Trinity College in Hartford, Conn., took the No. 1 prize in an international contest to build a computerized robotic device that detects fire. The robot, dubbed Phoenix, employed IR sensors for edge and heat...
Photonics Projects Are Among Award Semifinalists
Jun 1, 1998 — Teams from Japan, Belgium and Brazil made it to the semifinal round of the Texas Instruments Inc. DSP Solutions Challenge with projects that highlight the important relationship between photonics and electronics. The contest challenges engineering...
Photonics Weeds out the Impostor Jewels
Jun 1, 1998 — How many times have you opened the mailbox to read, "Congratulations! If you have the winning number, you will receive a valuable diamond pendant"? Your excitement builds when you see that your number matches the winning number, only to be let down...
Researchers Unveil Metal-Free Cathodes for LEDs, Photodetectors
Jun 1, 1998 — Scientists at Princeton University in New Jersey have developed a class of metal-free cathodes for use in organic light-emitting diodes (LEDs) along with phototransistors, photodetectors, solar cells and lasers. Typically, organic LEDs employ a more...
Scientists Evaluate Statues, Cathedrals with Laser Radar
Jun 1, 1998 — A research group here has collaborated with an Italian team to evaluate the integrity of ancient monuments and historical structures using laser radar that was originally designed for atmospheric sensing. The problem of decaying artifacts is nothing...
Scientists Find Nine-Atom Silicon Cluster
Jun 1, 1998 — Researchers have discovered a silicon cluster larger than four atoms. The team, comprising scientists from the University of Notre Dame in Indiana, may lead to a silicon nanoparticle solution that could have valuable optical properties. This...
Scientists Report High Efficiency in Semiconductor Diode Laser
Jun 1, 1998 — Researchers at Semiconductor Laser International Corp. in Binghamton, N.Y., recently demonstrated an 808-nm, high-power semiconductor diode laser with an efficiency of 56 percent operating at 25 °C. The company's engineers altered the design of...
Tiny Bubble Is Key to Optical Measurement
Jun 1, 1998 — Engineers at water treatment plants and other facilities that monitor biological and chemical pollutants in water are turning to optical techniques such as spectroscopy. These techniques are not without their drawbacks. Transparent cells holding the...
Transistors Work at Low Temp
Jun 1, 1998 — Engineers at Germanium Power Devices are refining a transistor that works at liquid helium temperature. The germanium field-effect transistor was pioneered by Texas Instruments but never put into extensive production. The Massachusetts company,...
Tunable UV Free-Electron Laser Achieves Short Wavelength
Jun 1, 1998 — In trials at Duke University in Durham, N.C., a Russian-built tunable ultraviolet free-electron laser achieved 226 nm, a milestone that could portend uses in a variety of medical and physical science experiments. Known as the OK-4 optical klystron,...
Arsenic Sulfide Eyed for Thermal Imaging
May 1, 1998 — An ideal lens for a thermal imaging system would be both lightweight and inexpensive, while immune to incident wavelengths and temperatures. A team of British scientists from the Defence Research Agency in Worcestershire, Pilkington Optronics in...
Continental Laser Unveils Powerful Sealed CO2 Laser
May 1, 1998 — A new class of highly efficient, multikilowatt CO2 lasers designed for material processing could have a far-reaching impact on the sealed-flow gas laser market. Alexander Krasnov, founder of Continental Laser Energy, says he has developed a compact,...
Engineers Produce Fluorescing, Self-Assembled Molecules
May 1, 1998 — In recent years, engineers have worked to develop molecules through a technique known as "self-assembly," where molecules join to form much larger functioning objects. Now engineers from the University of Rochester in Rochester, N.Y., have taken...
Fiber Image Guide Offers Subwavelength Resolution
May 1, 1998 — Scientists at the NEC Research Institute in Princeton, N.J., have demonstrated a new type of fiber image guide comprising individual fibers with core diameters as small as 250 nm. By using fibers with a large difference in the index of refraction...
Filter Helps Predict Solar Flares
May 1, 1998 — Although it has been making tunable etalons since 1978, Queensgate Instruments Ltd. has outdone itself by developing a 150-mm etalon as part of a system that will enhance the US Air Force's ability to predict solar flares. In helping the Air...
Fluorescence Spectroscopy Reveals Cell's Components
May 1, 1998 — A team of researchers at the University of Illinois has employed fluorescence spectroscopy to find and analyze compounds crucial to cell metabolism. Traditionally, scientists trying to detect compounds such as serotonin or tryptamine in animal cells...

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