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Research & Technology News

Observatory Employs New Process in Gemini Mirrors
Sep 1, 1998 — AlumiPlate Inc. of Minneapolis, in collaboration with the National Optical Astronomy Observatory and II-VI Inc. of Saxonburg, Pa., has developed a diamond-turning process that yields the high-quality mirrors necessary for the near-IR spectrograph in the Gemini 8-m telescope project. In producing high-surface-quality metal mirrors, engineers typically use electroless nickel to plate the mirrors, but bending of the mirror surface can occur when the temperature changes. AlumiPlate says that the...
Optical Sensor Monitors Film Growth
Sep 1, 1998 — Over- or under-stressed thin films means that semiconductor devices, such as quantum well lasers, don't work right. To help remedy this problem, a laser optical sensor, called the multibeam optical sensor, measures stress during a thin film's...
Photonic Crystals Trap IR Light
Sep 1, 1998 — A team of scientists from Sandia National Laboratories and Ames Laboratory at Iowa State University revealed that they have constructed a three-dimensional IR photonic crystal on a silicon wafer that reflects light between 10 and 14 µm. The...
Physicist Uncovers Secrets of Sonoluminescence
Sep 1, 1998 — For years, researchers have tried to explain the atomic processes behind sonoluminescence, the phenomenon in which ultrasonic waves break against a water bubble's surface and heat gas atoms inside. This rapid heating causes gas atoms to glow....
Researchers Explore Oxide Materials for Fiber Doping
Sep 1, 1998 — Recently, a team of researchers at Containerless Research Inc. in Evanston, Ill., explored using yttria and alumina compositions to expand the range of fiber lasers in the mid-IR. There was only one problem: Molten oxides that do not contain silica...
Researchers Observe Newton Rings in Laser Ablation
Sep 1, 1998 — Researchers have examined the brief interval after a laser pulse arrives and before it heats away a material's atoms during laser ablation. Scientists at the University of Essen in Germany studied the effect of a 620-nm, 120-fs laser pulse on...
Sandia Researchers Take Cue from Seashell Design
Sep 1, 1998 — Rarely do scientists mention seashells and optical coatings in the same sentence. That may soon change now that researchers at the US Department of Energy's Sandia National Laboratories and the University of New Mexico in Albuquerque have disclosed...
Sensor Quickly Inspects Inner Pipe Walls
Sep 1, 1998 — Researchers at Tianjin University and Xi'an Jiaotong University have developed a noncontact laser sensor for inspecting the inner walls of pipes with 80- to 140-mm interior diameters. A HeCd laser illuminates selectively fluorescent dyes,...
Silver Coating Maintains Reflectance
Sep 1, 1998 — Although the reflectors behind the xenon flashlamps that pump the Nd:glass amplifiers in the National Ignition Facility's 192 laser beams might seem at most a secondary concern, their reliability is important. Lawrence Livermore National...
Advances in Polymer Gels Pave Way for Sensors, Displays
Aug 1, 1998 — Physicists at the University of North Texas in Denton have conducted trials using a type of polymer gel called a hydrogel that may play a role in new display or sensor technologies. The hydrogels swell or shrink when environmental stimuli such as a...
Airborne Laser Passes Another Test
Aug 1, 1998 — The US Air Force, along with Boeing Co. of Seattle, TRW Inc. in Detroit and Lockheed Martin in Sunnyvale, Calif., has fired a multihundred-kilowatt chemical oxygen iodine laser as part of the Airborne Laser Program. The experiments occurred June 3...
Astronomy Project Produces Images
Aug 1, 1998 — The European Southern Observatory's Very Large Telescope delivered its first scientifically useful images May 25-26. Unit Telescope 1 is the first of four 8.2-m telescopes that will join up to three 1.8-m auxiliary telescopes to compose the 200-sq-m...
Caution Urged on Laser Spot Size for PRK
Aug 1, 1998 — A group of Italian researchers has uncovered evidence that lasers used during photorefractive keratectomy create stress waves that propagate within the eye itself. These waves, which are acoustic in nature, have bipolar characteristics of positive...
College Installs High-End Digital Imaging Equipment
Aug 1, 1998 — Franklin & Marshall College, a small liberal arts school in Lancaster, Pa., has installed $130,000 worth of digital imaging equipment in one of its biology labs, in an effort to keep pace with the country's pre-eminent research universities....
Company Constructs Efficient, Uncooled Diode
Aug 1, 1998 — Semiconductor Laser International Corp., based in Binghamton, N.Y., has unveiled a high-power semiconductor diode laser (808 nm) with a conversion efficiency of 56 percent at room temperature. Officials presented their findings at the 11th annual...
Device Turns Water, Sunlight to Fuel
Aug 1, 1998 — With current technologies, the Earth's sun could supply all the electricity we need. About 10,000 square miles of photovoltaic panels could generate -- in about six hours of daylight -- a day's worth of electricity for the US, according to John A....
Engineers Introduce Quick Fabrication of Micro-Optics
Aug 1, 1998 — Researchers at Rochester Photonics Corp. have introduced a method for the speedy manufacture of high-NA microlenses, a development that could have an impact on telecommunications. The method, under review by the US Patent Office, involves a process...
Laser Tweezers Take a Step Forward
Aug 1, 1998 — Imagine the neuroscientist who, surrounded by banks of equipment, is able to take a pair of tweezers and reach inside a cell to manipulate a tiny organelle or extract a virus. Such is the vision of Japanese researcher Katsuhiro Ajito, who recently...
Living Sensors Glow at Change
Aug 1, 1998 — Colonies of luminescent bacteria promise to become biological sensors capable of detecting a variety of parameters such as temperature, pressure or specific chemicals. The microbes, engineered at Britain's chemical and biological defense laboratory,...
NASA Builds Chlorophyll Measurement System
Aug 1, 1998 — Researchers at the John C. Stennis Space Center have developed an optical system for measuring the levels of chlorophyll in plant leaves that can provide an early warning of plant stress. The system is a test bed for both an optical system, designed...
NIST Researchers Turn to Cryogenic Radiometer
Aug 1, 1998 — Scientists at the National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST) have constructed a laser power and energy measurement system based on a cryogenic radiometer. Since the 1960s, the institute has built and maintained electrically calibrated...
Paint Glows Under Pressure
Aug 1, 1998 — Researchers at Purdue University have mixed fluorescent marker molecules and binders to create paints that indicate changes in temperature and pressure by changing the intensity of their fluorescence. The technique has advantages over conventional...
Researchers Unveil New Technique for Imaging Cells
Aug 1, 1998 — An international team of scientists has refined a method for imaging the chemical components of living cells. Working in collaboration with the National Synchrotron Light Source at Brookhaven National Laboratory in Upton, N.Y., the researchers shone...
Researchers Use Ion Implantation to Make LEDs
Aug 1, 1998 — Implant Sciences Corp., based in Wakefield, Mass., has pioneered the use of ion implantation in the manufacture of gallium nitride blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs). To embed ions into a material, scientists use a linear accelerator to create a beam...
Researchers' Paths Cross and a New Laser Is Born
Aug 1, 1998 — In an old vaudeville joke a pursued individual is told: "Head to the roundhouse, they'll never corner you there." And so it is with the so-called whispering-gallery disc laser. With no corners, the radiation goes round and round, eventually escaping...

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