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Research & Technology News
Researchers Unveil Metal-Free Cathodes for LEDs, Photodetectors
Jun 1, 1998 — Scientists at Princeton University in New Jersey have developed a class of metal-free cathodes for use in organic light-emitting diodes (LEDs) along with phototransistors, photodetectors, solar cells and lasers. Typically, organic LEDs employ a more reflective and absorptive cathode containing a thin film of magnesium and silver capped with indium tin oxide. The metal-free cathode employs a thin film of copper phthalocyanine, also capped with indium tin oxide. Because of the low reflectivity,...
Scientists Evaluate Statues, Cathedrals with Laser Radar
Jun 1, 1998 — A research group here has collaborated with an Italian team to evaluate the integrity of ancient monuments and historical structures using laser radar that was originally designed for atmospheric sensing. The problem of decaying artifacts is nothing...
Scientists Find Nine-Atom Silicon Cluster
Jun 1, 1998 — Researchers have discovered a silicon cluster larger than four atoms. The team, comprising scientists from the University of Notre Dame in Indiana, may lead to a silicon nanoparticle solution that could have valuable optical properties. This...
Scientists Report High Efficiency in Semiconductor Diode Laser
Jun 1, 1998 — Researchers at Semiconductor Laser International Corp. in Binghamton, N.Y., recently demonstrated an 808-nm, high-power semiconductor diode laser with an efficiency of 56 percent operating at 25 °C. The company's engineers altered the design of...
Tiny Bubble Is Key to Optical Measurement
Jun 1, 1998 — Engineers at water treatment plants and other facilities that monitor biological and chemical pollutants in water are turning to optical techniques such as spectroscopy. These techniques are not without their drawbacks. Transparent cells holding the...
Transistors Work at Low Temp
Jun 1, 1998 — Engineers at Germanium Power Devices are refining a transistor that works at liquid helium temperature. The germanium field-effect transistor was pioneered by Texas Instruments but never put into extensive production. The Massachusetts company,...
Tunable UV Free-Electron Laser Achieves Short Wavelength
Jun 1, 1998 — In trials at Duke University in Durham, N.C., a Russian-built tunable ultraviolet free-electron laser achieved 226 nm, a milestone that could portend uses in a variety of medical and physical science experiments. Known as the OK-4 optical klystron,...
Arsenic Sulfide Eyed for Thermal Imaging
May 1, 1998 — An ideal lens for a thermal imaging system would be both lightweight and inexpensive, while immune to incident wavelengths and temperatures. A team of British scientists from the Defence Research Agency in Worcestershire, Pilkington Optronics in...
Continental Laser Unveils Powerful Sealed CO2 Laser
May 1, 1998 — A new class of highly efficient, multikilowatt CO2 lasers designed for material processing could have a far-reaching impact on the sealed-flow gas laser market. Alexander Krasnov, founder of Continental Laser Energy, says he has developed a compact,...
Engineers Produce Fluorescing, Self-Assembled Molecules
May 1, 1998 — In recent years, engineers have worked to develop molecules through a technique known as "self-assembly," where molecules join to form much larger functioning objects. Now engineers from the University of Rochester in Rochester, N.Y., have taken...
Fiber Image Guide Offers Subwavelength Resolution
May 1, 1998 — Scientists at the NEC Research Institute in Princeton, N.J., have demonstrated a new type of fiber image guide comprising individual fibers with core diameters as small as 250 nm. By using fibers with a large difference in the index of refraction...
Filter Helps Predict Solar Flares
May 1, 1998 — Although it has been making tunable etalons since 1978, Queensgate Instruments Ltd. has outdone itself by developing a 150-mm etalon as part of a system that will enhance the US Air Force's ability to predict solar flares. In helping the Air...
Fluorescence Spectroscopy Reveals Cell's Components
May 1, 1998 — A team of researchers at the University of Illinois has employed fluorescence spectroscopy to find and analyze compounds crucial to cell metabolism. Traditionally, scientists trying to detect compounds such as serotonin or tryptamine in animal cells...
Imaging Diagnoses Complex Chips
May 1, 1998 — Today's typical microprocessor is a complex creature. The continuing trend toward faster, smaller and denser CMOS circuits does not help engineers measure a chip's signals for possible defects. Traditional inspection methods, which involve probing...
Laser Ablation Creates Nanowires
May 1, 1998 — An Nd:YAG laser is one tool in a new technique that creates nanometer-scale "wires" for atomic microscopy and submicron electronics. Chemistry Professor Charles M. Lieber and graduate student Alfredo M. Morales of Harvard University took a novel...
Laser Component Builders Get Quality Boost
May 1, 1998 — Thanks to researchers at the University of Michigan, manufacturers of microelectronics used in laser production soon will have access to a device that will for the first time allow critical analysis of key aspects of the process. "Microelectronics...
Laser Searches for Downed Aircraft
May 1, 1998 — When it comes to finding downed airplanes or sinking boats, time is critical. The faster rescuers locate the disabled vehicle, the better the chance of finding survivors. Researchers at Daedalus Enterprises Inc. are working on a system that lets...
Laser Stops Bose-Einstein Cold
May 1, 1998 — Physicists at Massachusetts Institute of Technology have broken new ground in Bose-Einstein condensate research by trapping the condensate with light and tuning its behavior with magnetic fields. Both accomplishments clear the way for new work in...
Laser Technique Polishes Glass Lenses
May 1, 1998 — Glass's high infrared absorption could prove a boon to a new laser technique that can polish both symmetric and asymmetric glass lenses faster than mechanical techniques. Ferran Laguarta and his associates at the Universitat Politècnica de...
Lasers Restore Classic Cars
May 1, 1998 — The Fraunhofer Institute for Laser Technology in Aachen, Germany, restores classic roadsters, such as vintage Jaguars, using a new laser coating technique. For the last year, engineers have repaired defective turbine components, worn gears and...
Microcavity Tunes over Visible Spectrum
May 1, 1998 — A team of researchers from Cambridge University in the UK has built a microcavity that could be suitable as an efficient and tunable wavelength converter. The cavity enhances the rate of emission at the resonance wavelengths of the cavity while...
New Solution Advances Fiber Stub End Pumping
May 1, 1998 — A new pumping technology for solid-state lasers incorporates fewer optical elements and a simpler assembly at the same time that it promises greater conversion efficiency and better beam quality. Dubbed fiber stub, the technology could be the...
New Twist: Lasers Could Help Create Larger Microchips
May 1, 1998 — Microchip and display companies are showing interest in a variation on a laser micromachining technique that creates large-area, low-defect crystalline silicon films. Liquid crystal displays and microchips use amorphous silicon as the substrate for...
Photoluminescence Improves LCDs
May 1, 1998 — Although electroluminescent, plasma and fluorescent technologies present certain advantages, liquid crystal displays (LCDs) continue to dominate the flat panel display industry. Liquid crystal's low power consumption, low-voltage operation and...
Photons Squeeze Through Tiny Holes
May 1, 1998 — Ask most chip-makers today what they think about using photolithography for submicron components, and they'll say it has reached its limits. The small mask openings required to make equally small features do not allow the necessary light to pass...
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