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Research & Technology News

Researchers Introduce Fluorescent Chemical Weapons Detector
Jan 1, 1999 — Chemists at the University of Maryland in College Park have developed a method for detecting lethal chemical weapons in a system that uses molecules that fluoresce in the presence of a small amount of phosphate esters. Many current detectors are highly sensitive and effective in detecting chemicals that attack acetylcholine esterase, an enzyme in the body that controls muscle contraction. The problem is they also detect less-lethal chemicals such as pesticides. The new system uses molecules...
Researchers Report Findings on Trapping and Cooling Molecules
Jan 1, 1999 — Researchers have long been interested in the ability to trap and cool molecules to facilitate improvements in ultracold molecular physics and in molecular spectroscopy. Scientists use methods such as laser cooling and cryogenic surface...
Sensors Detect Biological Weapons
Jan 1, 1999 — Scientists at the Naval Research Laboratory have developed a lightweight, fully automatic biological weapons detection system that one day may find its way to the battlefield. The system, which researchers have tested mounted in an airplane, uses...
System Measures Efficiency of Solar Cells
Jan 1, 1999 — Physicists at the Netherlands Energy Research Foundation have developed a technique to measure imperfections in solar cells. That information points the way to more efficient and cost-effective solar cells. As light strikes a solar cell, it produces...
University Unveils Sensitive Microscope for Chip Inspection
Jan 1, 1999 — A technician at Heriot-Watt University in Edinburgh, UK, has built a microscope powerful enough to monitor the inner workings of semiconductor chips. Lynn Edwards, in collaboration with Gerald S. Buller, a researcher at the university,...
UV Lasers Stop People in Their Tracks
Jan 1, 1999 — Mork from Ork could freeze people in midaction with a simple point of his alien finger -- diminishing them to dancing, talking, running statues. Now researchers at HSV Technologies Inc. have come up with a device that could put this power into the...
WDM Enables High-Capacity System
Jan 1, 1999 — Alcatel Optronics has demonstrated the simultaneous transmission of more than 15 million voice circuits on a four-fiber- pair system that uses wavelength division multiplexing. It expects the advance will provide a fourfold increase in the capacity...
Zeiss to Build Ring Laser Gyroscope
Jan 1, 1999 — The Federal Cartography and Geodesy Office in Frankfurt, Germany, has commissioned Carl Zeiss Inc. in Oberkochen to design and manufacture a laser gyroscope that will measure the Earth's rotation. Engineers will install the gyroscope in three years...
40-Gb/s Soliton Transmission Achieved in Field Experiment
Dec 1, 1998 — Scientists led by Chalmers University of Technology professor Peter Andrekson have achieved a 40-Gb/s soliton pulse transmission over a 400-km distance on commercial dispersion-shifted fiber optic cable. The researchers describe their success as the...
CO2 Laser Optically Pumps Semiconductor Laser Prototype
Dec 1, 1998 — The CO2 laser, commonly recognized as an industrial workhorse, is not high on the list of potential optical pumping devices, at least not for quantum-well unipolar lasers. But optical pumping a new semiconductor laser is exactly the function of a...
Detector Helps Crash Investigation
Dec 1, 1998 — Following the Sept. 2 crash of Swissair Flight 111 just off Nova Scotia, Canadian aviation investigators immediately turned to sonar imaging systems to highlight areas that might contain crash debris. The sonar images indicated large areas of dense...
Diamond Cools Diode Lasers
Dec 1, 1998 — As the saying goes, diamonds are a laser's best friend -- or something like that. Diamond is a material known to spread heat effectively, with low electrical conductivity. The importance of this precious material is growing further because...
Hubble Telescope Provides Rare View of Distant Galaxies
Dec 1, 1998 — VXcientists recently got their first glimpse of the oldest, most distant galaxies in the universe from images sent back from the Hubble Space Telescope. A sensitive IR camera detected the faint glow of galaxies estimated to be 95 percent of the way...
Interferometer Lights Path in Search for Distant Planets
Dec 1, 1998 — Scientists at the University of Arizona's Steward Observatory have demonstrated principles that could allow the direct detection of Earth-like planets around distant stars.   The 10-µm emission of a gas cloud around Betelgeuse becomes visible...
Laser Interactions Create Powerful Magnetic Fields
Dec 1, 1998 — Intense laser pulses, which possess strong magnetic and electric fields, can force the electrons in a plasma to oscillate dramatically. It is this unique interaction, which also produces very high current electron jets, that has fascinated...
Light Activates Protein Scissors
Dec 1, 1998 — A light-activated reagent that can bind to protein molecules and then sever them when irradiated by a 344-nm light could offer microbiologists a versatile tool for exploring the structure and behavior of proteins. Scientists could use this tool to...
Nanoshocks Reveal Molecular Behavior
Dec 1, 1998 — What is the first step in an explosion? In energetic materials, the question focuses on the dynamics of molecular behavior. Empirically, we know that we can break bonds and make energy, but how does this violent process start? At the University of...
New Telescope Makes the Stars Wheelchair-Accessible
Dec 1, 1998 — In the summer of 1995 the University of Illinois made many of its campus facilities wheelchair-accessible, including the observatory on the roof of the library. It wasn't until a year later, however, that wheelchair-bound visitors could participate...
Scientists Propose Design Strategies for Two-Photon Absorption
Dec 1, 1998 — The principle behind two-photon-excited fluorescence microscopy is simple: In the presence of laser pulses, molecules simultaneously can absorb two or more photons at longer wavelengths with the same effect as absorbing one photon at a much shorter...
Sensor Detects Single Photons
Dec 1, 1998 — A new detector, developed at Stanford University, has the sensitivity to measure the location, arrival time and energy of individual photons in the UV to IR wavelength ranges. The Stanford device is based on superconducting transition-edge detecting...
Spectral Analysis Done in Real Time
Dec 1, 1998 — Researchers from Surface Optics Corp. have developed an imaging spectroradiometer that they say can perform spectral analysis at real-time video rates. The Multiband Identification and Discrimination Imaging Spectroradiometer (Midis) could be used...
Ultrafast Optical Switch Unveiled
Dec 1, 1998 — Researchers at the Heinrich-Hertz-Institute für Nachrichtentechnik, have developed an all-optical switch that could speed the flow of data transmission worldwide. Since the advent of the Internet, networks have become flooded with data. Jams...
US Army Tests Lidar to Detect Biological Toxins
Dec 1, 1998 — The US Army has field-tested a lidar system that could provide the first line of defense in the event of an attack from biological agents. Researchers from Fibertek Inc. in Herndon, Va., and the Army's Chemical and Biological Defense Command at...
Bandgap Device Brings Galaxies into Sharper Focus
Nov 1, 1998 — A group of Iowa State University researchers has successfully demonstrated a photonic bandgap filter that can operate in the far-IR region of the spectrum. According to Gary Tuttle, who is an electrical and computer engineering professor at the...
Far-UV Satellite to Explore Galaxy Origins
Nov 1, 1998 — The first large-scale space mission to be fully planned and operated by a university's academic department has taken some final steps toward its planned February 1999 launch. The Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer was shipped in August from...

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