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Research & Technology News
Caution Urged on Laser Spot Size for PRK
Aug 1, 1998 — A group of Italian researchers has uncovered evidence that lasers used during photorefractive keratectomy create stress waves that propagate within the eye itself. These waves, which are acoustic in nature, have bipolar characteristics of positive and negative pressures and may occur in laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis. While researchers do not expect the compression phase to cause damage, the negative pressure peak may cause local tissue stretching and bubble formation that could affect...
College Installs High-End Digital Imaging Equipment
Aug 1, 1998 — Franklin & Marshall College, a small liberal arts school in Lancaster, Pa., has installed $130,000 worth of digital imaging equipment in one of its biology labs, in an effort to keep pace with the country's pre-eminent research universities....
Company Constructs Efficient, Uncooled Diode
Aug 1, 1998 — Semiconductor Laser International Corp., based in Binghamton, N.Y., has unveiled a high-power semiconductor diode laser (808 nm) with a conversion efficiency of 56 percent at room temperature. Officials presented their findings at the 11th annual...
Device Turns Water, Sunlight to Fuel
Aug 1, 1998 — With current technologies, the Earth's sun could supply all the electricity we need. About 10,000 square miles of photovoltaic panels could generate -- in about six hours of daylight -- a day's worth of electricity for the US, according to John A....
Engineers Introduce Quick Fabrication of Micro-Optics
Aug 1, 1998 — Researchers at Rochester Photonics Corp. have introduced a method for the speedy manufacture of high-NA microlenses, a development that could have an impact on telecommunications. The method, under review by the US Patent Office, involves a process...
Laser Tweezers Take a Step Forward
Aug 1, 1998 — Imagine the neuroscientist who, surrounded by banks of equipment, is able to take a pair of tweezers and reach inside a cell to manipulate a tiny organelle or extract a virus. Such is the vision of Japanese researcher Katsuhiro Ajito, who recently...
Living Sensors Glow at Change
Aug 1, 1998 — Colonies of luminescent bacteria promise to become biological sensors capable of detecting a variety of parameters such as temperature, pressure or specific chemicals. The microbes, engineered at Britain's chemical and biological defense laboratory,...
NASA Builds Chlorophyll Measurement System
Aug 1, 1998 — Researchers at the John C. Stennis Space Center have developed an optical system for measuring the levels of chlorophyll in plant leaves that can provide an early warning of plant stress. The system is a test bed for both an optical system, designed...
NIST Researchers Turn to Cryogenic Radiometer
Aug 1, 1998 — Scientists at the National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST) have constructed a laser power and energy measurement system based on a cryogenic radiometer. Since the 1960s, the institute has built and maintained electrically calibrated...
Paint Glows Under Pressure
Aug 1, 1998 — Researchers at Purdue University have mixed fluorescent marker molecules and binders to create paints that indicate changes in temperature and pressure by changing the intensity of their fluorescence. The technique has advantages over conventional...
Researchers Unveil New Technique for Imaging Cells
Aug 1, 1998 — An international team of scientists has refined a method for imaging the chemical components of living cells. Working in collaboration with the National Synchrotron Light Source at Brookhaven National Laboratory in Upton, N.Y., the researchers shone...
Researchers Use Ion Implantation to Make LEDs
Aug 1, 1998 — Implant Sciences Corp., based in Wakefield, Mass., has pioneered the use of ion implantation in the manufacture of gallium nitride blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs). To embed ions into a material, scientists use a linear accelerator to create a beam...
Researchers' Paths Cross and a New Laser Is Born
Aug 1, 1998 — In an old vaudeville joke a pursued individual is told: "Head to the roundhouse, they'll never corner you there." And so it is with the so-called whispering-gallery disc laser. With no corners, the radiation goes round and round, eventually escaping...
Robotic 3-D Imager to Brave Chernobyl
Aug 1, 1998 — Deep inside the Chernobyl nuclear power plant in northeastern Ukraine, the site of the worst nuclear meltdown in history, is a room filled with radioactive slag that has kept man and machine at bay for more than a decade. Now a team of researchers,...
Sensor Relies on 'Time-of-Flight' Spectroscopy
Aug 1, 1998 — Gary Hieftje and Radislav Potyrailo of Indiana University in Bloomington have designed a "distributed" sensor that uses optical time-of-flight spectroscopy. The scientists operate the sensor by sending a very short pulse of light down the length of...
Tunable Spectrometer Examines Microsamples
Aug 1, 1998 — As a geologist, George Rossman often examined crystals to determine their purity. Commercially available spectrometers were able to characterize the absorption spectra of large samples, but for samples measuring between 5 and 12 µm, no device...
Window Design Creates Controllable One-Way Viewing
Aug 1, 1998 — For the past 2000 years of Orthodox Judaism, men and women have worshipped separately, divided either by a solid partition or by using a balcony. Now a professor at Washington University has invented a partition that will allow one-way viewing...
Devices Detect Explosive Residue
Jul 1, 1998 — To evolve low-cost, portable land mine detection technology, researchers at Duke University have developed microelectromechanical devices that could become a two-part detection system for explosives. The first device uses ultrasound to loosen the...
Engineers Unveil Tabletop X-Ray Laser
Jul 1, 1998 — Researchers at the University of Michigan's Center for Ultrafast Optical Sciences in Ann Arbor have built a tabletop laser that generates a coherent x-ray beam. The scientists shot a rapidly pulsing laser through a hollow glass tube filled with gas....
Fiber Optic Sensor Monitors Wear on Canadian Bridge
Jul 1, 1998 — Engineers from the University of Toronto's Institute for Aerospace Studies and department of civil engineering, along with technicians from Ontario, Canada's Ministry of Transportation, have installed experimental long-gauge fiber optic sensors on a...
Fluorescence Finds Photomask Defects
Jul 1, 1998 — Using a fluorescent dye and an argon-ion laser, researchers at the University of Delaware can detect nanometer-size scratches in the polished surface of a photomask much more quickly than with atomic force microscopy. Researchers use a...
Giant Telescope to Map Vast Expanse of Sky
Jul 1, 1998 — Astronomers have been able -- even with the greatest of telescopes -- to see only a small portion of the sky at a time. Professor Jim Gunn, a Princeton University astronomer, hopes to overcome this obstacle by building a telescope that images the...
Lasers Create Nanoscale Islands
Jul 1, 1998 — The creation of nanodots, or small islands of a few atoms, offers significant interest to semiconductor laser manufacturers. Compared with quantum well designs, the smaller structures provide electron carrier confinement with increased output...
LEDs Put Railroad Lighting on More Efficient Track
Jul 1, 1998 — Using light-emitting diodes (LEDs) to replace colored tungsten filament bulbs for their signals could help railway companies cut costs and reduce risks for maintenance crews. LED signals developed by Costas Tsakonas (left) and George Bearfield...
Lucent Makes Gains in Network Technologies
Jul 1, 1998 — Lucent Technologies has unveiled two types of optical fiber: one that promises increased bandwidth for local networks and another that features low dispersion for long-distance systems. For metropolitan networks, the company developed AllWave, which...
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