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Research & Technology News

Laser Lumpectomy Leaves No Scars
Feb 1, 1999 — A new non-invasive technique combining interactive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and fiber optic laser delivery has shown promise in locating and ablating cancerous breast tumors. Researchers at the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences developed the procedure, which could offer a percutaneous alternative to surgical lumpectomy and thus reduce the likelihood of scars or disfigurement in patients with confirmed cancer. "Treating breast cancer has always been a struggle between obtaining...
Laser Pulses 'Freeze' Energy Flow
Feb 1, 1999 — Scientists at the University of Illinois in Urbana-Champaign may have discovered a way to control chemical reactions using the pulse of a laser, an accomplishment that has eluded researchers for years. The group developed a technique called static...
Laser-Based System Sees Through Walls
Feb 1, 1999 — Anyone who has read the comics knows about Superman's powers, from leaping tall buildings in a single bound to peering through walls with x-ray vision. But seeing through walls may no longer be the stuff of cartoons if a group from Rensselaer...
Method Measures Heat of Thin-Film Semiconductors
Feb 1, 1999 — With their complexity and materials changing, integrated circuits are generating more heat, creating a greater need to monitor that heat to improve efficiency and reliability. Researchers are measuring the thermal properties of various thin-film...
New Coatings Break Reflectivity Barriers
Feb 1, 1999 — Researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology have discovered a class of dielectric coatings that can reflect a broad wavelength regime over a wide angular range. Professor John D. Joannopoulos and his colleagues discovered the reflective...
Scientists Uncover Mysteries of Hydrogen Using Nova
Feb 1, 1999 — Scientists have wondered why Saturn appears younger than the rest of the planets in the solar system. Now they may be closer to understanding the structure and evolution of far-off planets, thanks to Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory's...
Sensor Detects Red Algae Growth
Feb 1, 1999 — What do Hong Kong and Corpus Christi, Texas, have in common? They've both been hit by algae red tides in the last two years. The mysterious bloom of toxic algae pops up in oceans around the world, threatening public health and wreaking economic...
Solid-State Laser Achieves 22 W of Average Output
Feb 1, 1999 — Researchers at Lambda Physik Inc. in Fort Lauderdale, Fla., wanted to design a pulsed Nd:YAG laser system with a high-quality beam, enabling high-efficiency frequency conversion. Recently, they reached their goal, producing a diode-pumped,...
Space Shuttle Launch Recorded Digitally
Feb 1, 1999 — For the first time, NASA has recorded and transmitted a space shuttle launch digitally, according to a release from Force Inc., the company that provided the space agency with its digital video transmission links. Cameras at the transmission...
Synthetic Gemstone May Hold Key to Photonic Crystals
Feb 1, 1999 — Researchers at AlliedSignal Inc. in Morristown, N.J., have found a new use for synthetic opals. In experiments, the researchers introduced carbon into the faux gemstone's lattice. Then they chemically removed the gem, leaving behind a crystalline...
Team Builds More Efficient Quantum Cascade Laser
Feb 1, 1999 — From chemical spectroscopy to free-space optical communications, a growing number of applications can benefit from lasers emitting in the IR between 8 and 12 µm. In recent years, many have looked closely at quantum cascade laser technology for...
Two Associations Recognize Raman's Discovery
Feb 1, 1999 — One of the most popular methods for detecting illegal drugs and unknown substances is Raman spectroscopy. The technique takes advantage of the Raman effect, named after C.V. Raman of Calcutta, India, a professor at Calcutta University who theorized...
Undersea Telescope Detects Neutrinos
Feb 1, 1999 — Collaborators will soon deploy an underwater telescope to detect and study high-energy cosmic neutrinos. Placed on the ocean floor 2.35 km below the surface, the telescope may eventually unlock fundamental secrets of the universe. An artist's...
Universe May Hold Diamond Concentrations
Feb 1, 1999 — Our galaxy may contain high concentrations of tiny diamonds in carbon-rich planetary nebulae. That's the finding of a group of researchers from the Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale in Paris. The group theorized that the low pressures and...
3-D Enhances Videoconferencing
Jan 1, 1999 — By 2010, the boundaries among communications, computing and broadcasting will be hard to discern. To that end, Panorama -- a cooperative project sponsored by the European Union -- presented three-dimensional telepresence systems in October at the...
Calibrated AFM Offers High Accuracy, Repeatability
Jan 1, 1999 — Atomic force microscopes (AFM) have come a long way since they were developed in the mid-1980s, with advances bringing more repeatability and stability. Engineers at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) are taking the technology...
China May Be Building a Laser to Target US Satellites
Jan 1, 1999 — The Chinese government may be building a high-power laser with the ability to destroy US military satellites hovering over Asia, according to a recent article in The Los Angeles Times. The newspaper cited a declassified report from the US Department...
Compact Device Measures Electrical Current
Jan 1, 1999 — Harsh environments and confined spaces are no match for an optical fiber-based current sensor that researchers at the Hoya Corp. R&D Center are developing. Electric companies use bulky devices such as gas-insulated circuit breakers to measure...
Diode Laser Simultaneously Emits at Three Wavelengths
Jan 1, 1999 — Federico Capasso and a team of researchers at Bell Labs have demonstrated a semiconductor laser that simultaneously emits at three wavelengths in the IR. Such a laser may find applications in spectroscopic analysis of trace gases in the atmosphere...
Dye Improves Efficiency of Organic LEDs
Jan 1, 1999 — A team of researchers from Princeton University in New Jersey has improved the efficiency of electroluminescent organic light-emitting diodes (LEDs) by introducing a fluorescent dye. Fluorescence emissions occur when electrons become excited,...
Electrode Improves CCD Sensitivity
Jan 1, 1999 — Eastman Kodak Co. has developed a technology that increases the sensitivity of its charge-coupled device (CCD) image sensors in the blue and green regions of the spectrum. By incorporating a transparent electrode into its existing technology, the...
Flat Photomultiplier Tube Peeks out of the Lab
Jan 1, 1999 — Hamamatsu K.K. in Japan recently unveiled a showstopper commercial product for the new millennium: a flat panel photomultiplier tube. The revelation was one of several "Future R&D Plans" announced during the company's Photon Fair, a three-day...
Imaging Spectrometer Improves Auroral Understanding
Jan 1, 1999 — Researchers at the University of Illinois are taking a fresh look at auroras. They have developed an imaging spectrometer that allows them to study auroral emissions as a function of altitude, offering them more clues about the effects of the solar...
Optical System Speeds Automatic Target Recognition
Jan 1, 1999 — Hoping to overcome the limitations previously associated with automated target recognition, Litton Data Systems has developed a miniature optical correlator that could boost the processing speed of these systems tenfold. Although the project has...
Researchers Alter Rare-Earth Metals
Jan 1, 1999 — Researchers from Vrije University have created an optical method of monitoring the hydrogen navigation that makes an yttrium film switch from reflective to transparent. The method should simplify work for other researchers seeking materials for...

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