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Research & Technology News

Quantum Onions Add Zing to Nanoscience
MAINZ, Germany — Development of quantum onions could signal the onset of salad days for nanoscientists at the University of Mainz. The crystals, so called because of their layers of semiconductor material, add further seasoning to researchers' knowledge of how electric charges become trapped in regions of semiconductors. Incorporate a quantum well in a quantum dot and you have created a quantum onion. These nanocrystals wrap alternating layers of semiconductor material to trap electric charges inside. The...
Researcher Explains Physics Behind Sonoluminescence
Jun 1, 1999 — For 10 years scientists have struggled to explain the physics behind sonoluminescence, a phenomenon characterized by a tiny dot of light emanating from a solitary, sonically driven bubble. In a paper that appeared in the April 1 issue of Nature,...
Robotic System Models Human Vision
BALTIMORE — A major step toward making science fiction a reality -- developing robots that can see like humans under real-life conditions -- is under development at Johns Hopkins University. With the aid of a chip-based vision system, a toy car was able to...
Russian Researcher Proposes New Spectroscopy Excitation Source
Jun 1, 1999 — One difficulty with Cr4+ and Ti3+ lasers is the delay between pumping and lasing pulses. This delay poses problems for spectroscopy, which needs an excitation source that has high temporal stability with respect to the pumping pulse position. Now a...
Sensor Exhibits Long Luminescence Decay Time
Jun 1, 1999 — Researchers have proposed decay-time-based schemes to sense oxygen, pH and CO2, although only oxygen optodes have found practical applications. A research group from the Institute of Analytical Chemistry at the University of Regensburg in Germany...
Spectroscopies Offer Integrated View
LOS ALAMOS, N.M. — Two scientists who integrated data from four spectroscopy methods have found an innovative way to test hazardous materials and aging nuclear weapons stockpiles. The technology will provide images of heterogeneous materials that will allow scientists...
Stone-Cold Telescope Will Spot Cosmic Neutrinos
MADISON, Wis. — Antarctica is stone cold, covered by a miles-deep sheet of ice. But that ice makes the South Pole ideal for a cosmic neutrino telescope. This drawing shows the Antarctic Muon and Neutrino Detector Array as of July 1998. The latest version of the...
Study Assesses Needle Heat
WARREN, Mich. — Industrial sewing is one of the most common manufacturing operations in the automotive industry, producing an array of products such as dashboard padding, air bags, seat cushions and backs from synthetic fabric, plastic and leather. During the...
ZrW2O8 Could Help Fiber Optics
MURRAY HILL, N.J. — More than three decades have passed since the unique properties of zirconium tungstate were first observed by Penn State University researchers. This material exhibits negative thermal expansion -- expansion occurs on cooling rather than heating --...
Blue Diodes Get Ultrashort Pulses
BERLIN -- BERLIN -- PicoQuant GmbH has introduced a blue diode laser system with a picosecond pulse width and high repetition rate that may prove useful as an excitation source in time-resolved fluorescence research. The German company has taken the...
Cymer Expands into Extreme UV
SAN DIEGO -- SAN DIEGO -- As the semiconductor industry debates next-generation lithography, the players are scrambling to develop components for the narrowing field of choices. Cymer Inc. recently announced that it has entered the game, working on a 13.5-nm...
Database Could Aid US Military Night Operations
May 1, 1999 — Surface Data Co. in San Diego has released an advanced optical properties database that could assist US military forces during night operations. It includes hard-to-obtain information on selected hot spots around the world. The database also...
Fiber Optic Sensor Performs Under Pressure
BLACKSBURG, Va. -- BLACKSBURG, Va. -- Driven by a $2 million contract with the US Department of Energy, researchers at Virginia Polytechnic Institute have produced a self-calibrated interferometric/intensity-based sensor for continuous monitoring of oil reservoir...
IR Spectroscopy Analyzes Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
May 1, 1999 — Scientists have tried for years to identify the matter that exists between stars. Now a Stanford University research team may be closer to reaching that goal. The group exposed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in ice to ultraviolet radiation under...
Large-Capacity Transmission Network Coming to China
May 1, 1999 — Nortel Networks has signed a multibillion-dollar contract with MII/China Telecom to build a 10-Gb/s network stretching 457 km from Shanghai to Nanjing. The four-fiber ring network can accommodate four wavelengths at a time, enabling it to transmit...
Laser Altimeter Measures Ice Sheets
MADISON, Wis. — Scientists are gearing up to shine lasers from the sky onto Greenland and the Antarctic to monitor changing conditions in the areas’ huge ice sheets that could contribute significantly to the levels of Earth’s oceans. Carried aboard...
Laser Communications Comes out of the Fog
HUNTSVILLE, Ala. -- HUNTSVILLE, Ala. -- Like ground-based radio-frequency communications systems, free-space laser communications systems can suffer from performance problems under adverse atmospheric conditions. In some situations, the apparatus will quit working...
Laser Technique Analyzes Microelectronic Thin Films
CAMBRIDGE, Mass. -- CAMBRIDGE, Mass. -- A Massachusetts Institute of Technology researcher has developed a nondestructive, noncontact, laser-based acoustic technique called impulsive stimulated thermal scattering that quickly measures the thickness of thin films used...
Light-Activated Drug Unclogs Blocked Arteries
May 1, 1999 — Atherosclerosis is the accumulation of fatty plaque in arteries, a major cause of heart attack and stroke. A group of researchers at Stanford University has discovered that a drug commonly used in cancer therapy may be effective in partially...
New Promise for Holographic Storage
STANFORD, Calif. -- STANFORD, Calif. -- A group of Stanford University researchers may be a step closer to the practical reality of holographic data storage systems. The team limited the volatility of the storage material by using two beams of light for recording and...
Phase-Separation Method Leads to Better AR Coating
May 1, 1999 — Since the 1930s, it has been common practice to cover lenses with antireflection coatings to enhance the performance of devices that require the maximum transmission of light. Despite years of intensive research, broadband antireflection coatings...
Phosphor Emits Two-for-One Photons
UTRECHT, Netherlands -- UTRECHT, Netherlands -- Researchers at the University of Utrecht’s Debye Institute have made a promising leap in the efficiency of fluorescent phosphors, creating a material that absorbs one UV photon and gives off two red photons. Combining...
Photonic Crystals Grow Themselves
ROCHESTER, N.Y. — Researchers have experimented with photonic crystals for more than a decade, seeking to develop materials that can be used as building blocks for photonic devices. An innovation from the University of Rochester may radically change the way these...
Physicists Manipulate Bose-Einstein Condensate to Advance ’Atom Laser’
May 1, 1999 — Two years after researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology developed a coherent beam of atoms they called an atom laser, physicists at the National Institute of Standards and Technology in Gaithersburg, Md., have found a way to control...
Polarization Boosts Display Efficiency
ROCHESTER, N.Y. -- ROCHESTER, N.Y. -- Displays are notoriously inefficient energy users, but scientists at the University of Rochester have developed an optical polarization method to change that, creating nearly perfect circularly polarized light. Researchers at the...

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