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Research & Technology News
Hubble Telescope Provides Rare View of Distant Galaxies
Dec 1, 1998 — VXcientists recently got their first glimpse of the oldest, most distant galaxies in the universe from images sent back from the Hubble Space Telescope. A sensitive IR camera detected the faint glow of galaxies estimated to be 95 percent of the way to the outer rim of the universe -- about 12 billion light-years, or 70 trillion miles, away. Researchers theorize that this light was emitted only a billion years after the "big bang," the mysterious explosion that may have been responsible for the...
Interferometer Lights Path in Search for Distant Planets
Dec 1, 1998 — Scientists at the University of Arizona's Steward Observatory have demonstrated principles that could allow the direct detection of Earth-like planets around distant stars. The 10-µm emission of a gas cloud around Betelgeuse becomes visible...
Laser Interactions Create Powerful Magnetic Fields
Dec 1, 1998 — Intense laser pulses, which possess strong magnetic and electric fields, can force the electrons in a plasma to oscillate dramatically. It is this unique interaction, which also produces very high current electron jets, that has fascinated...
Light Activates Protein Scissors
Dec 1, 1998 — A light-activated reagent that can bind to protein molecules and then sever them when irradiated by a 344-nm light could offer microbiologists a versatile tool for exploring the structure and behavior of proteins. Scientists could use this tool to...
Nanoshocks Reveal Molecular Behavior
Dec 1, 1998 — What is the first step in an explosion? In energetic materials, the question focuses on the dynamics of molecular behavior. Empirically, we know that we can break bonds and make energy, but how does this violent process start? At the University of...
New Telescope Makes the Stars Wheelchair-Accessible
Dec 1, 1998 — In the summer of 1995 the University of Illinois made many of its campus facilities wheelchair-accessible, including the observatory on the roof of the library. It wasn't until a year later, however, that wheelchair-bound visitors could participate...
Scientists Propose Design Strategies for Two-Photon Absorption
Dec 1, 1998 — The principle behind two-photon-excited fluorescence microscopy is simple: In the presence of laser pulses, molecules simultaneously can absorb two or more photons at longer wavelengths with the same effect as absorbing one photon at a much shorter...
Sensor Detects Single Photons
Dec 1, 1998 — A new detector, developed at Stanford University, has the sensitivity to measure the location, arrival time and energy of individual photons in the UV to IR wavelength ranges. The Stanford device is based on superconducting transition-edge detecting...
Spectral Analysis Done in Real Time
Dec 1, 1998 — Researchers from Surface Optics Corp. have developed an imaging spectroradiometer that they say can perform spectral analysis at real-time video rates. The Multiband Identification and Discrimination Imaging Spectroradiometer (Midis) could be used...
Ultrafast Optical Switch Unveiled
Dec 1, 1998 — Researchers at the Heinrich-Hertz-Institute für Nachrichtentechnik, have developed an all-optical switch that could speed the flow of data transmission worldwide. Since the advent of the Internet, networks have become flooded with data. Jams...
US Army Tests Lidar to Detect Biological Toxins
Dec 1, 1998 — The US Army has field-tested a lidar system that could provide the first line of defense in the event of an attack from biological agents. Researchers from Fibertek Inc. in Herndon, Va., and the Army's Chemical and Biological Defense Command at...
Bandgap Device Brings Galaxies into Sharper Focus
Nov 1, 1998 — A group of Iowa State University researchers has successfully demonstrated a photonic bandgap filter that can operate in the far-IR region of the spectrum. According to Gary Tuttle, who is an electrical and computer engineering professor at the...
Far-UV Satellite to Explore Galaxy Origins
Nov 1, 1998 — The first large-scale space mission to be fully planned and operated by a university's academic department has taken some final steps toward its planned February 1999 launch. The Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer was shipped in August from...
Fibers Measure Frogs' Eyes
Nov 1, 1998 — Researchers at two Tulsa universities have designed a fiber optic probe to measure distances inside a frog's eyeball, an early step in artificial vision research. Peter LoPresti, an electrical engineering professor at the University of Tulsa, and...
Infrared Sensor Counts Insects
Nov 1, 1998 — If there's one thing that bugs the agriculture industry, it's bugs. Insecticides are effective in debugging stored products such as grains, fruits and vegetables, but health and environmental officials realize they are dangerous as well and are...
Integrating Sphere Tests Efficiency
Nov 1, 1998 — As building developers struggle to incorporate energy conservation into their designs, controlling heat and light fluxes through windows is crucial. As the "intelligent window" becomes more complex, so does the objective assessment of its overall...
Lidar System to Find Oil and Gas Fields
Nov 1, 1998 — A hydrocarbon differential absorption lidar system is expected to help Laser Exploration Inc. in Midland, Texas, to find stratigraphically trapped oil and gas fields. Ophir Corp. in Littleton, Colo., and Chimera Geophysical Corp. in Reno, Nev.,...
Light Source Enables UV Lithography
Nov 1, 1998 — As circuit features shrink and optical lithography approaches its technical limits, the world's semiconductor industry continues to evaluate its options for the chip-making method of the future. Extreme-UV lithography -- which should be able to...
Liquid-Filled Camera Sees Like an Eyeball
Nov 1, 1998 — When it comes to discriminating between various shades of black and white -- even picking out a dark figure lurking in the shadows -- the eyeball does a very nice job. Cameras, on the other hand, are somewhat lacking in their...
Material Enables Energy-Efficient Window
Nov 1, 1998 — Researchers at the University of California and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory have discovered an inexpensive material that could lead to highly efficient windows for automobiles and buildings. Robert Kostecki and Frank McLarnon made the...
Method Measures Micron-Scale Fluid Flows
Nov 1, 1998 — Developers have made significant progress over the years with miniaturization, including microfluidic devices. But measuring the fluid flow within those devices -- with passages of 1 to 100 µm -- has not been easy. Researchers at the University...
Observations Support Homochirality Theory
Nov 1, 1998 — Astronomers at the Anglo-Australian Observatory in New South Wales have developed new theories on optically active molecules based on some age-old research of Louis Pasteur and new observations of Orion nebula. For years, scientists have sought to...
Photoassociation Makes Cold Cs2 Molecules
Nov 1, 1998 — Physicists at the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique south of Paris have taken Bose-Einstein condensate research another step forward by using a new method of associating pairs of supercold atoms to form a supercold molecule. Instead of...
Photonic Crystal Shrinks Prism Size
Nov 1, 1998 — NEC Corp. in New York City, working with To-hoku University and NTT Optoelectronics Laboratories of Japan, has created a three-dimensional photonic crystal with a "super prism" effect. It offers increased light refraction in a prism one-hundredth...
Researchers Edge Toward Pump-Free Dye Laser
Nov 1, 1998 — Electrochemiluminescence has been studied since the 1970s as a way to excite dye molecules, but the pumping rate has remained far too low for laser action. Now researchers at NTT Basic Research Laboratories in Atsugi, Japan, have enhanced the...
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