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Research & Technology News

Laser Evaporation Yields Nanosize Particles
Sep 1, 1999 — Using a transverse-flow 4-kW CO2 laser, a group of scientists from F.-Schiller University in Jena, Germany, produced nanosize zirconia particles. The particles are prized for their extremely small dimension and shape. The group used two Q-switching techniques to generate pulses between 1 and 500 µs to induce evaporation. They found that evaporation rates, as well as the diameter of the particles and their density distributions, were dependent on the laser power, pulse shape and prop...
Laser Maps Mars Topography Five Meters at a Time
CAMBRIDGE, Mass. — After more than 120 million measurements, the Mars Global Survey Spacecraft has given researchers more information on the topography of Mars than is known about Earth. The data -- gathered by the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter -- include topographical...
Laser Scans Circuits for Flaws
ALBUQUERQUE, N.M. — Researchers at Sandia National Laboratories have designed a method to fault-test integrated circuits quickly from the back using a laser. Light-induced voltage alteration scans a laser over a chip and watches for voltage changes. It improves both...
Laser Yields Real-Time Glimpse of Water Molecules
PARIS -- PARIS -- Using a homemade ultrafast laser, researchers have tinkered with liquid water molecules to achieve real-time observation of atoms flirting. Teams from the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique -- one at the Université Pierre...
Light Scattering Measures Subangstrom Roughness
PORTLAND, Ore. -- PORTLAND, Ore. -- Hard disk drive manufacturers are looking for ways to increase storage capacity on the same hard drive. One way to accomplish this is to manufacture disks with ultrasmooth surfaces, placing requirements on the hard disk of the...
Optical Cross-Connect Reduces Loss
BOULDER, Colo. — When your office phone rings indicating an outside call, chances are the signal passed through an electronic switch somewhere in the building -- even if the incoming signal came off an optical fiber trunk line and traveled along glass fiber to your...
Slow It Down
Sep 1, 1999 — For the second time in six months, a team of researchers has succeeded in slowing laser light to a sluggish pace. Michael Kash and his colleagues at Texas A&M University in College Station heated a cloud of rubidium gas to 87 oC, then targeted a...
Superconductor ’Eyes’ IR Wavelengths
Sep 1, 1999 — A superconducting device that detects individual photons at longer wavelengths than was previously possible could have a far-reaching impact on advances in telecommunications and IR astronomy. Designed jointly by a researcher at the University of...
Technique Simplifies 3-D Molecular Research
CAMBRIDGE, Mass. -- CAMBRIDGE, Mass. -- Although scientists commonly use far-field polarization microscopy to measure the orientation of single molecules, it was thought that the technology could obtain only two-dimensional information. Now researchers at the...
Tetrahedron of Silver Balls Models Chaos of Light Beams
COLLEGE PARK, Md. — Get your laser pointer ready to create some (legal) chaos. Using a set of four silvered balls, each 12 inches in diameter, put three of the balls in a triangular pattern and add the fourth to the top to build a pyramid-shaped stack. Voila! You have...
Underwater Sensor Needs No Calibration
MISSOULA, Mont. — Researchers at the University of Montana have developed an autonomous chemical sensor that can be used in long-term studies of CO2 dynamics within bodies of water.Unlike most sensors, the fiber optic-based Submersible Autonomous Moored Instrument...
Aperture Masking Resolves Bright Star
BERKELEY, Calif. -- BERKELEY, Calif. -- To study the secrets of a massive, bright blue star, astronomers at the University of California’s Berkeley Space Sciences Laboratory dusted off an old technique -- aperture masking interferometry -- and applied it to one...
Camera Merges Disciplines to Produce 3-D Images
URBANA, Ill. — By combining technologies from medical imaging (computed tomography) and from radio astronomy (interferometry), researchers at the University of Illinois’ Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology have developed a lensless camera...
Copper Vapor Laser Clears Skin Vessels
MOSCOW -- MOSCOW -- The Center for Laser and Plastic Surgery, in conjunction with the P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute, has reported excellent results from the use of copper vapor lasers in the treatment of telangiectasias -- abnormal dilated capillary vessels...
Fiber Optic Data System Debuts on Raytheon Plane
Aug 1, 1999 — The flight data recorder aboard commercial airliners often yields important clues about the last moments before a crash. But the traditional shielded, twisted wiring used to collect parameters from remote sensors lacks sufficient sensitivity....
Free-Electron Laser Emits in the Far-Infrared
Aug 1, 1999 — Scientists have sought a convenient source of radiation in the far-infrared portion of the spectrum for the study of semiconductor nanostructures and constituents in the atmosphere. In an effort to achieve that, researchers from Dartmouth College in...
Glass Fiber Could Aid Laser Surgery
Aug 1, 1999 — A hollow glass fiber promises improved performance for next-generation IR sensors and fiber delivery systems used in laser surgery. James Harrington, a professor of ceramic and materials engineering at Rutgers University in New Brunswick, N.J.,...
Hyperspectral Aerial Imaging May Conquer Canker
IMMOKALEE, Fla. — Airborne hyperspectral imaging, a military technology originally designed to pick out camouflaged vehicles from surrounding foliage, may soon help detect a different concealed enemy: citrus canker. This contagious bacterium causes citrus trees to...
IR Laser Helps Elude Enemy Missiles
Aug 1, 1999 — A mid-IR laser designed for use in next-generation electronic warfare systems has arrived at the US Naval Research Laboratory in Chesapeake Beach, Md. Designed by TRW Inc. of Redondo Beach, Calif., the laser produces 20 W of output and emits between...
Laser Sharpens Grinding Wheels
NAGAOKA, Japan — Advances in the electronics industry have led to the development of new materials, such as Al2O3-TiC magnetic heads and special glasses for hard disks and liquid crystal screens. However, these materials are difficult to machine, requiring diamond...
Lens and Scanner Are Fabricated on a Single Crystal
Aug 1, 1999 — The angular position and the spot size of a laser beam -- important to applications such as optical data storage, laser printing and head-up display technology -- traditionally have had to be controlled using separate elements for focusing and...
Lidar Detects Traces of Ethane in the Atmosphere
Aug 1, 1999 — Laser Exploration Inc. in Midland, Texas, reported that, in a field test of its lidar system, it had identified seeping hydrocarbon gas, presumably from underground deposits. Using a Raman-shifted chromium LISAF infrared laser made by Ophir Corp. in...
Lidar System Finds Fault with Trees
DENVER -- DENVER -- Would that Washington state geologists had it as easy as their counterparts in California, where faults, such as the San Andreas, show up in aerial photography as long, deep furrows in the Earth’s brow. But geologists can’t see...
Microscope Records Chemical Makeup
MARTINSRIED, Germany -- MARTINSRIED, Germany -- Researchers at Max Planck Institut fur Biochemie have combined the atomic force microscope’s ability to define surface features with the infrared absorption techniques of spectroscopy to record chemical composition....
Near-IR Lasers Spot Mold in Soya Beans
Aug 1, 1999 — Soya beans are one of the most popular foods in Japan. But each year a small portion of the crop is infested with green, white or brown mold. Most factories use random sampling to detect spoiled beans, while others use visible spectroscopy or...

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