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(9,092 items)
Research & Technology News
Database Could Aid US Military Night Operations
May 1, 1999 — Surface Data Co. in San Diego has released an advanced optical properties database that could assist US military forces during night operations. It includes hard-to-obtain information on selected hot spots around the world. The database also includes information on rocks, soils, vegetation and man-made materials that can be used for modeling and simulations.
Fiber Optic Sensor Performs Under Pressure
BLACKSBURG, Va. -- BLACKSBURG, Va. -- Driven by a $2 million contract with the US Department of Energy, researchers at Virginia Polytechnic Institute have produced a self-calibrated interferometric/intensity-based sensor for continuous monitoring of oil reservoir...
IR Spectroscopy Analyzes Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
May 1, 1999 — Scientists have tried for years to identify the matter that exists between stars. Now a Stanford University research team may be closer to reaching that goal. The group exposed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in ice to ultraviolet radiation under...
Large-Capacity Transmission Network Coming to China
May 1, 1999 — Nortel Networks has signed a multibillion-dollar contract with MII/China Telecom to build a 10-Gb/s network stretching 457 km from Shanghai to Nanjing. The four-fiber ring network can accommodate four wavelengths at a time, enabling it to transmit...
Laser Altimeter Measures Ice Sheets
MADISON, Wis. — Scientists are gearing up to shine lasers from the sky onto Greenland and the Antarctic to monitor changing conditions in the areas’ huge ice sheets that could contribute significantly to the levels of Earth’s oceans. Carried aboard...
Laser Communications Comes out of the Fog
HUNTSVILLE, Ala. -- HUNTSVILLE, Ala. -- Like ground-based radio-frequency communications systems, free-space laser communications systems can suffer from performance problems under adverse atmospheric conditions. In some situations, the apparatus will quit working...
Laser Technique Analyzes Microelectronic Thin Films
CAMBRIDGE, Mass. -- CAMBRIDGE, Mass. -- A Massachusetts Institute of Technology researcher has developed a nondestructive, noncontact, laser-based acoustic technique called impulsive stimulated thermal scattering that quickly measures the thickness of thin films used...
Light-Activated Drug Unclogs Blocked Arteries
May 1, 1999 — Atherosclerosis is the accumulation of fatty plaque in arteries, a major cause of heart attack and stroke. A group of researchers at Stanford University has discovered that a drug commonly used in cancer therapy may be effective in partially...
New Promise for Holographic Storage
STANFORD, Calif. -- STANFORD, Calif. -- A group of Stanford University researchers may be a step closer to the practical reality of holographic data storage systems. The team limited the volatility of the storage material by using two beams of light for recording and...
Phase-Separation Method Leads to Better AR Coating
May 1, 1999 — Since the 1930s, it has been common practice to cover lenses with antireflection coatings to enhance the performance of devices that require the maximum transmission of light. Despite years of intensive research, broadband antireflection coatings...
Phosphor Emits Two-for-One Photons
UTRECHT, Netherlands -- UTRECHT, Netherlands -- Researchers at the University of Utrecht’s Debye Institute have made a promising leap in the efficiency of fluorescent phosphors, creating a material that absorbs one UV photon and gives off two red photons. Combining...
Photonic Crystals Grow Themselves
ROCHESTER, N.Y. — Researchers have experimented with photonic crystals for more than a decade, seeking to develop materials that can be used as building blocks for photonic devices. An innovation from the University of Rochester may radically change the way these...
Physicists Manipulate Bose-Einstein Condensate to Advance ’Atom Laser’
May 1, 1999 — Two years after researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology developed a coherent beam of atoms they called an atom laser, physicists at the National Institute of Standards and Technology in Gaithersburg, Md., have found a way to control...
Polarization Boosts Display Efficiency
ROCHESTER, N.Y. -- ROCHESTER, N.Y. -- Displays are notoriously inefficient energy users, but scientists at the University of Rochester have developed an optical polarization method to change that, creating nearly perfect circularly polarized light. Researchers at the...
Raman Spectroscopy Helps to Decrease Engine Emissions
NASHVILLE, Tenn. -- NASHVILLE, Tenn. -- Engineers at Vanderbilt University are using Raman spectroscopy to analyze combustion in direct injection gasoline engines -- research that could lead to decreased pollution. Direct injection engines differ from conventional...
Raytheon Completes Testing of Digital Flight Data Recorder
May 1, 1999 — The black box aboard commercial aircraft often proves instrumental in re-creating events leading up to an accident. Raytheon Co. has developed an advanced digital flight data recording system that will gather more information on pilot operation and...
Siemens Demonstrates 1.2 Tb/s Transmission over One Optical Fiber
May 1, 1999 — Siemens Information and Communications Networks in Boca Raton, Fla., has taken a step toward increasing the speed and data capacity over fiber optic networks by demonstrating transmission rates of 1.2 Tb/s over one 80-km-long optical fiber....
Sky-Bound Lidar Offers Tool for Weather Projections
BOULDER, Colo. -- BOULDER, Colo. -- Weather forecasting is getting a helping hand as scientists develop systems that take lidar to the sky. Projects such as the Multicenter Airborne Coherent Atmospheric Wind Sensor and the Space Readiness Coherent Lidar Experiment...
Technique Takes Deeper Look at Paper
JYVÄSKYLÄ, Finland — When papermakers cook up a new recipe for paper, they want to be sure it's going to work right before making reams and reams of it. Chemists at the University of Jyväskylä have developed spectroscopic techniques to get a three-dimensional analysis...
Test-Tube Photosynthesis Turns Water into Oxygen
May 1, 1999 — One of the great mysteries in nature is how plants use sunlight to turn water into oxygen. A group from Yale University in New Haven, Conn., has engineered a device that could help researchers better understand this complex phenomenon. The group...
Trans-Atlantic Cable Will Link Europe with Americas
May 1, 1999 — Global Crossing Ltd. in Hamilton, Bermuda, has announced plans to implement Atlantic Crossing 2, an undersea fiber optic cable linking the major cities of Europe with those of North America, South America and Asia. Atlantic Crossing 2 will be added...
Two-Photon Absorption Could Advance 3-D Data Storage
TUCSON, Ariz. -- TUCSON, Ariz. -- Molecules that can simultaneously absorb two photons efficiently may soon find uses in three-dimensional fluore scence imaging, optical data storage and lithographic microfabrication, according to University of Arizona researchers....
Adaptive Optics Maps out Retina
Apr 1, 1999 — Researchers at the University of Rochester have turned Star Wars-era technology designed to clarify images from spy satellites into a method that can image the human retina, with surprising results. "With this method, we can now go from imaging...
Interferometric Switch Overcomes Limitations
Apr 1, 1999 — Despite improvements in conventional semiconductor optical amplifier-based interferometric switches used for telecom applications such as demultiplexing and add/drop multiplexing, limitations remain. These switches suffer from poor linearity,...
Laser Camera Illuminates Ultrasonic Waves
Apr 1, 1999 — Conventional ultrasound techniques require that a transducer be attached to a sample surface for both signal generation and detection. Laser ultrasound, which uses one laser pulse to generate a signal and another to detect small surface...
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