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Research & Technology News

Maskless Lithography Brings Gene Chips to Labs
Nov 1, 1999 — Scientists at the University of Wisconsin in Madison have developed an etching process for gene chips that eliminates the need for stencillike masks. The technique, dubbed MAS for maskless array synthesizer, promises to allow any laboratory to make its own chips at a fraction of the current cost and in less time. Gene chip technology enables researchers to deconstruct and analyze thousands of segments of DNA simultaneously. Affymetrix Inc. of Santa Clara, Calif., produces all of the chips wit...
Optical Vortices May Aid Free-Space Communication
HAIFA, Israel -- HAIFA, Israel -- Researchers at the Technion-Israel Institute of Technology discovered that VCSELs can produce complex patterns of tiny optical vortices, each measuring no more than 2 µm across. Vortices are found throughout nature; optical...
Photonic Bandgap Glass Leads to Novel Optoelectronics
Nov 1, 1999 — Researchers at the US Naval Research Laboratory in Washington reported that they have fabricated photonic bandgap nanochannel glass materials, which they predict will produce optical switches and limiters of higher performance. Armand Rosenberg, a...
Plutonium Smugglers Beware
RICHLAND, Wash. — In an uncertain world, how do you make sure that weapons-grade plutonium is not smuggled across borders? Or that rogue nations are complying with nuclear weapons treaties? Or that nuclear waste is not dumped in an unsuspecting country? Geiger...
Researchers Demonstrate Laser Isotope Separation
Nov 1, 1999 — Researchers from the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor have developed an efficient method of isotope separation using the magnetic fields that are produced within laser-generated plasmas. The technique provides an alternative to the toxic...
Researchers Simulate Fly’s Vision
PASADENA, Calif. -- PASADENA, Calif. -- Insect biologists studying the visual capabilities of flies may find their efforts aided by an innovation developed at the California Institute of Technology. Christof Koch, professor of computation and neural systems, and...
Sensor Fusion Checks Weld Quality
COLUMBUS, Ohio -- COLUMBUS, Ohio -- When it comes to inspecting high-power laser welding, three sensors are better than one, according to engineers at the Edison Welding Institute. They found that optical, acoustic and charged-particle sensors can singly inspect...
Spectroscopy Exposes Molecular Dynamics
OTTAWA — Researchers at the National Research Council’s Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences have developed a femtosecond-laser-based method to observe coupled electronic rearrangements and atomic motions in molecular processes. The ultrafast...
Synchrotron Improves Calibrations
Nov 1, 1999 — The upgraded synchrotron ultraviolet radiation facility, known as Surf III, at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in Gaithersburg, Md., is producing radiation with greater accuracy, purity and power than its predecessor, which...
Technique Aids Testing of Aspheres
SINGAPORE -- SINGAPORE -- Deep aspherical surfaces may become easier to measure, thanks to a novel testing technique developed by researcher Yee-Loy Lam and his colleagues at Nanyang Technological University. Their solution? Immerse the optics in a container of...
Trio Closes In on Remote Chemical Sensor Project
ALBUQUERQUE, N.M. — A collaboration among Sandia National Laboratories, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge and the Honeywell Technology Center in Minneapolis promises to produce a functioning prototype remote sensor by 2001 that will allow a person...
US Air Force Tests Beam-Control System
Nov 1, 1999 — Researchers from the Directed Energy Directorate of the US Air Force Research Laboratory at Kirtland Air Force Base, N.M., have completed a three-month, dynamic compensation experiment that tested the ability of a laser beam control system to...
Virtual Waveguide Offers a Real Optical Switch
FAYETTEVILLE, Ark. -- FAYETTEVILLE, Ark. -- Waveguides used as optical switches do not lend themselves easily to reconfiguration. But researchers at the University of Arkansas may have found a way around these rigid structures. By applying a direct current electric field...
2-m Telescope Takes Its First Look
Oct 1, 1999 — EOS Technologies Inc. (EOST) in Tucson, Ariz., hosted a "first light" party to demonstrate the research potential of its 2-m-aperture telescope before its permanent installation next year. The instrument is destined for an observatory on Mount...
Air Force Telescope Open to Researchers
Oct 1, 1999 — The director of the US Air Force’s Office of Scientific Research, Joseph Janni, announced that civilian astronomers will be allowed to use its 3.67-m telescope on Haleakala in Maui, Hawaii, under a two-year joint program with the National...
Airborne Laser Window Nears Completion
Oct 1, 1999 — Pittsburgh’s Contraves Brashear Systems LP has accepted the conformal window for the US Air Force’s Airborne Laser Program. The company will polish, coat and install the 340-lb, 1.8-m-diameter window in a composite turret ball from...
Algorithms Improve Spectral Imaging
Oct 1, 1999 — An imaging spectrometer in an airplane or satellite can picture the Earth’s surface while simultaneously detecting the broad range of radiation wavelengths that emanate from each pixel. More than 40 models of imaging spectrometers are in use...
Algorithms Improve Spectral Imaging
GÖTTINGEN, Germany — A team of researchers at the Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry broke the theoretical minimum for resolution by a focusing light microscope. More than 100 years ago, Ernst Abbe laid down the law that the wave nature of light limits...
Best Lasers May Be Misanthropes
ALBUQUERQUE, N.M. -- ALBUQUERQUE, N.M. -- Quantum dots are antisocial, and that’s good news for Sandia National Laboratory researchers who want to make better lasers. Quantum dots, atomic islands of material that appear on semiconductor thin films, can produce...
Camera Images the Unseen Eclipse
Oct 1, 1999 — A complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) video camera attached to a 400-mm reflector telescope produced black-and-white images of the Aug. 11 total solar eclipse with details never before seen or recorded. The device, developed by the...
Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing Components Promise 1.7 Tb/s Transmission
Oct 1, 1999 — Researchers at Fujitsu Laboratory Ltd. in Richardson, Texas, a division of Fujitsu Network Communications Inc., have developed components that the company says will enable its 320-Gb/s Flashwave dense wavelength division multiplexing system to...
Fiber Optics Keeps the Fleet Shipshape
ALEXANDRIA, Va. — Researchers at Systems Planning and Analysis Inc., with funding from the Office of Naval Research in Arlington, Va., have produced a low-cost fiber optic network that will monitor the structural fitness of the US Navy’s fleet.The system, which...
FireMapper Gets Set for Flight
Oct 1, 1999 — The FireMapper multispectral radiometer is being prepared for airborne deployment next year by the US Department of Agriculture’s Forestry Service. The device, manufactured by Space Instruments Inc. of Encinitas, Calif., monitors long-wave...
German Researchers Employ Fiber Laser to Weld a Fine Seam
Oct 1, 1999 — Scientists from the Laserzentrum Fachhochschule Münster in Steinfurt, Germany, and the Technische Universitat Chemnitz reported that they seam welded stainless steel foil with a joint smaller than 70 µm. They employed a fiber laser that...
Green Organic LED Shows High Efficiency
LOS ANGELES -- LOS ANGELES -- An organic light-emitting diode (LED) that relies on electrophosphorescence may prove a breakthrough in organic LED efficiency, with quantum and power efficiencies reaching 8 percent and 31 lm/W, respectively. The green device,...

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