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Research & Technology News

Fiber Optic Sensor Measures Sea's Saltiness
MADRID, Spain — Bathers can tell that the Dead Sea is extremely salty because all they can do in it is float. Physicists at the Universidad Complutense say they have a more precise way to measure maritime salinity: a fiber optic sensor. Although the researchers have so far tested it only in their laboratory, preliminary results indicate that it has great potential for the real-time monitoring of both sea salt and contamination levels. The sensor will be simpler and less expensive than the traditional...
Heat Sink Offers Better Cooling
COLUMBUS, Ohio — Microchannel heat sinks are commonly used to cool solid-state radar systems, diode lasers, and mainframe and supercomputers. They can remove heat 50 times more efficiently than conventional methods using liquid cooled cold plates. Recently, a...
Infrared Spectromicroscopy Technology Identifies Bacteria That Eat Toxic Waste
Jan 1, 2000 — Chemical and biological mechanisms had been suggested to explain the transformation of hexavalent chromium, a toxic industrial discharge, into a less dangerous trivalent form. Now scientists at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in Berkeley,...
InP Extends Fiber Transmission
Jan 1, 2000 — Bell Laboratories in Murray Hill, N.J., has demonstrated 160-Gb/s, single-channel transmission over 300 km of parent Lucent Technologies’ TrueWave RS optical fiber. Next step: expanding the system with dense wavelength division multiplexing....
IR Lasers Produce X-Ray Optics
DRESDEN, Germany -- DRESDEN, Germany -- X-rays go through almost any material without interaction, making them useful for analysis but difficult to control. X-ray scattering and diffraction are well-known techniques for investigating materials such as plastics, metals,...
Laser Ablation Shapes Precision Optics
OSAKA, Japan — Trying to precisely shape optics and achieve low wavefront distortion with conventional polishing methods can be a daunting task, particularly for optical components that are larger than 50 cm or smaller than 1 cm. For both large and small optics,...
Laser Simplifies Isotope Enrichment
ANN ARBOR, Mich. — Researchers at the University of Michigan have developed a simple and efficient means to produce films of enriched isotopes. Using a tabletop terawatt laser, the method offers a compact alternative to the traditional gaseous diffusion technique....
Micromirrors Considered for Space
Jan 1, 2000 — A team at Sandia National Laboratories in Albuquerque, N.M., is designing an infrared mirror array for NASA’s Next Generation Space Telescope, which incorporates microelectromechanical systems technology. In September, the team demonstrated a...
Microsensors Tackle Hazardous Waste
CINCINNATI -- CINCINNATI -- Researchers from the University of Cincinnati have developed a highly selective microsensor that the US Department of Energy (DoE) may use in its efforts to monitor or clean up the Hanford nuclear weapons facility in Washington state....
One Chirping Laser Sings 1022 Frequencies on a Fiber
HOLMDEL, N.J. -- HOLMDEL, N.J. -- In standard communications math, 40 lasers + 40 modulators + one fiber = 40 channels of dense wavelength division multiplexing. In Lucent Technologies’ new math, one laser + one modulator + one fiber =...
Online Mass Spectroscopy Method Makes Moves to IR
Jan 1, 2000 — Two designs are leading to online, IR matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectroscopy of biomolecules. Kermit K. Murray, an assistant professor of chemistry at Emory University in Atlanta, and colleagues from Odense University in...
Optical Sensor Monitors pH
Jan 1, 2000 — A team at Kyushu University in Fukuoka, Japan, says its laser-based pH sensor will be at least as sensitive as a fluorometric device. The sensor, reported in Analytical Chemistry, comprises a gel grating of the pH-sensitive thymolphthalein, which is...
Photonics Takes Bubble’s Temperature
Jan 1, 2000 — Researchers from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign reported in the Oct. 21 issue of Nature that the temperature of imploding bubbles reaches thousands of degrees kelvin. Scientists studying cavitation by ultrasonic stimulation had...
Researchers Create Tunable Photonic Bandgap Crystal
TORONTO — Researchers around the world are investigating the properties of photonic crystals, the low-loss periodic dielectric lattices that influence the propagation of electromagnetic waves. Semiconductor materials with electronic bandgaps -- electron...
Tabletop Laser Offers Alternative to Cyclotron
Jan 1, 2000 — Researchers at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor and Osaka University in Japan have reported the development of a tabletop laser-based proton accelerator that could replace expensive cyclotrons in cancer treatment and lead to better health...
Technique Provides Transmission Insight
LONDON -- LONDON -- In 1998, Thomas Ebbesen of the NEC Research Institute in Princeton, N.J., discovered that light can pass through holes 10 times smaller than its wavelength, but the explanation for this phenomenon remained a mystery (see Photonics Spectra,...
Tunable Laser Devised for UV Resonance Raman Spectroscopy
Jan 1, 2000 — Researchers from Princeton University in New Jersey and Chalmers University of Technology in Gothenburg, Sweden, have developed a solid-state kilohertz laser tunable from 205 to 230 nm. The instrument, described in Vol. 53, No. 10 of Applied...
Ultrafast Laser Frees Prehistoric Fossils
LIVERMORE, Calif. -- LIVERMORE, Calif. -- A technique based on a scanning, ultrafast laser could soon prove invaluable to paleontologists attempting to liberate fossils entombed in surrounding rock. Physicists from Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, working on...
Will Vinyl Replace Compact Discs?
MELBOURNE, Australia — Compact discs (CDs) literally scratch the surface of optical data storage. About 99.99 percent of a CD is wasted because only one side is used for recording the bits of computer code. Physicist Min Gu at Victoria University of Technology hopes to...
Bell Labs Breaks the 1-km Barrier
Dec 1, 1999 — Researchers at Bell Laboratories in Holmdel, N.J., have demonstrated serial transmission at 10 Gb/s over a 1.6-km multimode fiber. In May, the team displayed 10-Gb/s serial transmission over 300 m of a fiber subjected to simulated worst-case stress....
Diode Laser Emits in the Mid-IR at Room Temperature
Dec 1, 1999 — The Naval Research Laboratory in Washington has produced a laser diode that displays pulsed operation in the mid-infrared at room temperature. Team members Jerry Meyer of the lab’s Optical Sciences Div., Ramon Martinelli of Sarnoff Corp. in...
Duke University’s Free-Electron Laser Breaks 200-nm Wavelength Barrier
Dec 1, 1999 — The Russian-built OK-4 free-electron laser at Duke University in Durham, N.C., emitted 5 mW of continuous-wave, 193.7-nm vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) light, the province of ArF excimer lasers. Vladimir Litvinenko, associate professor of physics at the...
Fiber Amplifier Pumps Reach 200-mW Level
Dec 1, 1999 — Scientists announced in the Sept. 20 issue of Applied Optics that they have fabricated 200-mW, 980-nm pump laser modules for erbium-doped fiber amplifiers. The diode lasers are coupled to single-mode fiber without epoxy or solder, making them...
Laser System Inspects Space Plane
Dec 1, 1999 — Lockheed Martin’s Tactical Aircraft Systems in Fort Worth, Texas, has applied its LaserUT ultrasonic inspection system to the development of the X-33 reusable launch vehicle. The system, which is intended to detect horizontal defects in...
Lasers Quiet Mirrors
Dec 1, 1999 — Researchers at the École Normale Supérieure and Université Pierre et Marie Curie in Paris reported cooling a mirror with laser light. Brownian motion from internal thermal noise is the greatest impediment to the accuracy of...

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