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Research & Technology News

Two Lasers Pump Atoms Through Nanotubes
EAST LANSING, Mich. -- EAST LANSING, Mich. -- Scanning tunneling microscopes can deposit individual atoms on surfaces, enabling researchers to study and modify nanostructures. Such microscopes do not have continuous capabilities, though, so are limited in transporting atoms, molecules or ions. Carbon nanotubes could make excellent conduits for atoms, but a scanning tunneling microscope could not act as the pump mechanism. Instead, Petr Král of the University of Toronto and David Tománek of Michigan St...
All-Optical Network Field-Tested
Feb 1, 2000 — Qtera Corp. of Boca Raton, Fla., and Qwest Communications International Inc. of Denver have completed a 30-day field trial of an all-optical network. The system transmitted 10-Gb/s signals over 2400 km of fiber without the need for optoelectronic...
Chip-Scale Packaging Applied to CMOS Sensor
Feb 1, 2000 — Photobit Corp. of Pasadena, Calif., and ShellCase Ltd. of Jerusalem have implemented wafer-level chip-scale packaging for complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) digital imaging sensors. ShellCase’s ShellOP process encases the imager...
Deep Inversion Offers Fast Modulation
FREIBURG, Germany -- FREIBURG, Germany -- Electro-optic modulators need to have a fast response, high bandwidth, a low drive voltage, low coupling loss and high stability, and they need to be small and capable of being integrated. These individual requirements may be...
Detector Probes Beauty and the Big Bang
Feb 1, 2000 — An outstanding problem ties the realms of the subatomic and the cosmic: The very existence of the universe seems to violate a tenet of the standard model of particle physics -- charge parity reversal. Researchers at Purdue University in West...
Fiber Eases Single-Molecule Detection
GAINESVILLE, Fla. -- GAINESVILLE, Fla. -- Several fluorescence techniques have emerged recently that meet the challenge of detecting single molecules. The emphasis now is on observing molecular reactions. Because many important biomolecular functions occur in an aqueous...
Fluorescent Biosensor Is Sensitive, Fast
LOS ALAMOS, N.M. -- LOS ALAMOS, N.M. -- By using polymers as fluorescent sensors, a new device has demonstrated detection sensitivity potentially a million times greater than conventional single-molecule-based fluorescence detection. The portable sensor has the...
IR Spectra Reveal Red Oxygen
Feb 1, 2000 — At 100,000 times atmospheric pressure, solid oxygen turns red. Researchers have been aware of the phenomenon since 1979; now a team in Florence, Italy, has an explanation. Using Fourier transform IR spectroscopy, Federico A. Gorelli and Roberto Bini...
Laser-Excited Fiber Provides Highly Visible Escape Routes
HADDINGTON, UK — An emergency onboard an offshore oil installation is too often fatal. Hundreds of yards of passageways can become a deadly maze when smoke and darkness obscure landmarks and escape routes. Lifor Ltd., which specializes in laser applications, has...
Lasers Amplify Matter Waves
Feb 1, 2000 — Two teams have independently reported the phase-coherent amplification of matter waves. The technique promises to lead to the development of active matter-wave devices with applications in metrology and atom optics. Researchers at the Massachusetts...
Lucent Exhibits Free-Space Video
Feb 1, 2000 — Lucent Technologies of Murray Hill, N.J., demonstrated its WaveStar OpticAir networking system for cable television providers at the Western Cable Show in Los Angeles in December. The laser-based free-space system transmits signals at up to 2.5 Gb/s...
Masks Team Up to Beat Light's Limits
MURRAY HILL, N.J. — The wavelength of exposure light is an inherent limitation in optical lithography. Semiconductor manufacturers are making use of shorter-wavelength lasers, larger numerical apertures and resolution-enhancement techniques to print today's tiny...
NASA Readies Microscope for Space Mission
BROOK PARK, Ohio -- BROOK PARK, Ohio -- Scientists at NASA’s Glenn Research Center in Cleveland and Dynacs Engineering are adapting a microscope for the International Space Station’s fluid combustion facility. They are motorizing most of the...
Observatory Receives Fourth Mirror
Feb 1, 2000 — Optics manufacturer REOSC of St.-Pierre-du-Perray, France, formally presented in December the last of four 8.2-m primary mirrors for the European Southern Observatory’s Very Large Telescope at Paranal Observatory in Chile. The polished mirror...
Photek Produces 150-mm Image Intensifier
Feb 1, 2000 — Photek Ltd. of St. Leonards-on-Sea, UK, has announced that it has produced a prototype 150-mm-diameter zoom image intensifier, which it claims is the largest ever constructed. The device has applications in nuclear particle physics and x-ray...
Polarized Laser Light Helps Reveal Porous Structures
CAMBRIDGE, Mass. -- CAMBRIDGE, Mass. -- As a rule, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging has relied on liquid probes because gases are too low in density to return a strong signal. Scientists at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics have challenged that...
Researchers Approach Lab on a Chip
LONDON -- LONDON -- Scientists striving to miniaturize equipment used in analysis systems have gained ground with the development of an optical emission detector on a glass chip. The device is 1000 times smaller than conventional devices and uses 10,000 times...
Researchers Develop Mid-IR Room-Temperature Laser
WASHINGTON -- WASHINGTON -- Researchers from the US Naval Research Laboratory and from Sarnoff Laboratories and Sensors Unlimited, both of Princeton, N.J., have developed what they say is the world’s first room-temperature interband III-V laser diode that...
Sharp Sensor Rivals 35-mm Film
Feb 1, 2000 — Herman L. Peek and associates at Philips Semiconductors Image Sensors in Eindhoven, The Netherlands, have developed a full-frame charge-coupled device with the image quality of standard 35-mm film. The researchers presented their findings at a...
Simple Minigyro Achieves Accuracy
WILMINGTON, Mass. -- WILMINGTON, Mass. -- Measuring angular rotation is essential to the proper operation of missile guidance systems, satellites, automotive skid control and navigation systems, and other applications. Commercially available gyros can be limited in...
Space Technology Comes Down to Earth
Feb 1, 2000 — Researchers at the University of Leicester in the UK are developing an imaging system with applications in archaeology, forensics, geology, silicon chip production, and the food and automotive industries. The instrument, an imaging x-ray...
Army Lab Uses Lasers to Detect Explosives
Jan 1, 2000 — A team of researchers from the US Army Research Laboratory at Aberdeen Proving Ground, Md., described the results of a study on the application of laser photofragmentation/fragmentation detection spectrometry to energetic materials in the Oct. 20...
Detecting a Wrinkle in (Less) Time
AUSTIN, Texas -- AUSTIN, Texas -- When choosing an outfit to wear, one factor often prevails over others in the decision-making process: Which item doesn’t need to be ironed? In this scenario, what could be better than a "wrinkle-free" shirt? The textile...
Device Varies Dispersion Compensation
Jan 1, 2000 — At OECC ’99 in Beijing, researchers from Avanex Corp. of Fremont, Calif., and Fujitsu Laboratories of America Inc. of Sunnyvale, Calif., described a chromatic dispersion compensator for optical communications based on Fujitsu’s virtually...
Fiber Optic Array Provides Real-Time Gel Analysis
LUND, Sweden -- LUND, Sweden -- Capillary electrophoresis has become a useful analytical tool, with laser-induced fluorescence imaging offering improved detection. Researchers from Lund University and the Lund Institute of Technology have taken it a step further,...

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