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Research & Technology News

Raman Method Identifies Pathogens Quickly
ROTTERDAM, Netherlands -- ROTTERDAM, Netherlands -- Raman spectroscopy and a confocal microscope may enable medical laboratories to dramatically reduce the time it takes to identify microorganisms so that doctors can make the right diagnoses. Researchers at Erasmus University have demonstrated a spectroscopy method that can identify microorganisms after only six hours of growth on an agar plate. Because the technique is nondestructive, the samples can be analyzed with conventional means for added certainty. Convention...
Researchers Produce Molecular Condensate
Apr 1, 2000 — A team from the University of Texas in Austin reported in the Feb. 11 issue of Science that it had created a Bose-Einstein condensate of rubidium molecules. Theorists have predicted that the condensates may exhibit phenomena such as molecular...
Researchers Unlock the Secrets of Diamonds
HONG KONG -- HONG KONG -- The captivating beauty of diamonds can overwhelm our sense of their utility. Still, their position as the hardest, most thermally conductive and most chemically resistant material known has a greater impact on us. Diamond coating...
Spectroscopy Finds Worm Tunnels in Apples
MILAN, Italy -- MILAN, Italy -- Worms that make their homes in apples may be facing a new enemy. Physicists have developed a spectroscopy-based instrument to characterize the inside of the fruit, identifying apples with worm tunnels, for example, for easy sorting...
Spectroscopy Reveals Fluorine’s Role in Rocket Propellant
CHAMPAIGN, Ill. -- CHAMPAIGN, Ill. -- A high-speed CCD camera and spectrometer played an important part in analyzing how fluorine gas enhances the combustion of boron in propellants -- an advance that could have an impact on the development of more energetic...
Teen’s Work on Laser Earns Semifinal Berth
Apr 1, 2000 — Aman Narang, a 17-year-old senior at The Harley School in Brighton, N.Y., thought that the computer model he was asked to develop at an eight-week summer program at the University of Rochester would be just busywork. Now it has earned him a...
Ultrafast Diffraction Reveals Melting
Apr 1, 2000 — An experimental setup by researchers from the University of California, San Diego, in La Jolla, and Universität Essen and Universität Hannover, both in Germany, has allowed them to detect and monitor the nonthermal melting of germanium by...
Water down the Drain Leads to Black Holes in the Lab
Apr 1, 2000 — Archimedes, the famous story goes, cried, "Eureka!" and leapt from his overflowing bathtub, having discovered the principle of buoyancy. But the drain has much to offer, too. Physicists Ulf Leonhardt and Paul Piwnicki of the Royal Institute of...
Aircraft Prepared for Antimissile Laser
Mar 1, 2000 — Over the next 18 months, a 747-400 freighter aircraft in Wichita, Kan., will be modified to destroy ballistic missiles in their boost phase at a range of hundreds of miles. The freighter, built by Boeing of Seattle for the US Air Force’s...
Artificial Vision Lets Blind See
NEW YORK -- NEW YORK -- After more than 25 years of total blindness, a 62-year-old retired state worker can discern shapes in black and white, thanks to an artificial vision device developed at the Dobelle Institute Inc. Many scientists, physicians and...
Fluorescence Gets Easier to Measure
BALTIMORE -- BALTIMORE -- Measurements of fluorescence lifetimes provide important information about fluorophores that is not available from simple intensity measurements. Lifetimes in the nanosecond range typically are determined by observing the decrease in...
Interferometer Modified for Orbit
Mar 1, 2000 — An improved mount for a Fabry-Perot interferometer promises to reduce distortion in the etalon and eliminate finesse degradation from launch vibration. The mount, which will be incorporated into a satellite-based instrument to perform daylight...
Laser Used for Sensitive Trace Analysis
ARGONNE, Ill. -- ARGONNE, Ill. -- Researchers at Argonne National Laboratory have demonstrated an ultrasensitive trace analysis technique based on magneto-optical trapping that can measure the isotopic ratio of atmospheric krypton gas. Atom trap trace analysis,...
Lidar Technique Refines Aerosol Data
SEATTLE — Measuring the impact of man-made aerosols on global climate change may become a little more accurate, thanks to a new device termed a 180° backscatter nephelometer. The device, developed by Theodore L. "Tad" Anderson and his colleagues in the...
Mini-Robot Helps Keep Mission on Track
MOUNTAIN VIEW, Calif. -- MOUNTAIN VIEW, Calif. -- Even while orbiting high above the atmosphere in the International Space Station, astronauts will work under the watchful eyes of ground-based investigators. A semiautonomous, miniature space vehicle will let the principal...
Mode-Locked Laser Tackles Raman Spectroscopy
AUSTIN, Texas -- AUSTIN, Texas -- Researchers at the University of Texas have taken the first steps toward developing a rugged Raman spectrometer based on a high-power laser diode -- steps that may lead to a device that can detect environmental pollutants as well as...
Nakamura’s Diodes Display True Blue Emission
Mar 1, 2000 — Researchers from Nichia Corp. in Anan, Japan, including the company’s former head of research and development Shuji Nakamura, reported that they have produced 450-nm laser diodes. Nakamura’s work has led to the commercial production of...
Nanocrystals Outshine Laser Dyes
JERUSALEM -- JERUSALEM -- Semiconductor nanocrystals fabricated at Hebrew University produce a bright fluorescence radiation that can be size-tuned to the near-infrared. Chemists Uri Banin and Yun-Wie Cao’s method for making the nanocrystals with an indium...
Near-IR Diodes Help Make Gas-Trace Measurement Faster
MUNICH, Germany -- MUNICH, Germany -- In our everyday lives, we all are exposed to "BTX" -- air pollutants that are found at gas stations, at workplaces or on roads. BTX stands for benzene, toluene and xylene, three organic substances that are suspected carcinogens....
Optical Systems Created with Microlenses
Mar 1, 2000 — A research team from the Universität Mannheim in Germany has produced micro-objectives with a large numerical aperture by stacking gradient-index microlenses. The results, which were published in the Dec. 1, 1999, issue of Applied Optics,...
Organic Material Offers Fast Response
YOKOHAMA, Japan -- YOKOHAMA, Japan -- Because of their low cost and good manufacturability, organic photoconductors play an increasing role in xerographic applications and as the carrier transport layer in electroluminescent displays. But the photoelectric properties...
Porous Gold Nanostructures Perform Light Tricks
NEWARK, Del. -- NEWARK, Del. -- The optical properties of a newly developed nanoporous gold material with long-range periodicity may generate several photonic applications. This material is prepared by packing colloidal gold particles (15 to 25 nm in diameter)...
Rapid Spectral Imaging Determines Grapes’ Ripeness
PITTSBURGH -- PITTSBURGH -- In the long history of winemaking, determining when to harvest the grapes has been a task marked as much by guesswork as by skill. The conventional means to gauge ripeness involves selecting sample grapes and testing them with a sugar...
Researchers Seek Superconduction Secrets
BERKELEY, Calif. — Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, a tool that helped define semiconductor physics, is still proving useful to scientists working to explain the physics behind high-temperature superconductors -- basic research that may improve electric...
Thin Films Yield High-Efficiency Solar Cell
Mar 1, 2000 — A polycrystalline photovoltaic cell described in the October 1999 issue of Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications exhibits an efficiency of 12.8 percent. Its developers, a team of researchers from the Thin Film Physics Group at the...

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