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Research & Technology News
Interferometer Modified for Orbit
Mar 1, 2000 — An improved mount for a Fabry-Perot interferometer promises to reduce distortion in the etalon and eliminate finesse degradation from launch vibration. The mount, which will be incorporated into a satellite-based instrument to perform daylight measurements of atmospheric aerosols, was designed by Jack A. McKay of Remote Sensor Concepts LLC in Washington and David Rees of Hovemere Ltd. in Bromley, UK. McKay and Rees clamped the etalon between cantilevered steel beam springs, with pivot pads at...
Laser Used for Sensitive Trace Analysis
ARGONNE, Ill. -- ARGONNE, Ill. -- Researchers at Argonne National Laboratory have demonstrated an ultrasensitive trace analysis technique based on magneto-optical trapping that can measure the isotopic ratio of atmospheric krypton gas. Atom trap trace analysis,...
Lidar Technique Refines Aerosol Data
SEATTLE — Measuring the impact of man-made aerosols on global climate change may become a little more accurate, thanks to a new device termed a 180° backscatter nephelometer. The device, developed by Theodore L. "Tad" Anderson and his colleagues in the...
Mini-Robot Helps Keep Mission on Track
MOUNTAIN VIEW, Calif. -- MOUNTAIN VIEW, Calif. -- Even while orbiting high above the atmosphere in the International Space Station, astronauts will work under the watchful eyes of ground-based investigators. A semiautonomous, miniature space vehicle will let the principal...
Mode-Locked Laser Tackles Raman Spectroscopy
AUSTIN, Texas -- AUSTIN, Texas -- Researchers at the University of Texas have taken the first steps toward developing a rugged Raman spectrometer based on a high-power laser diode -- steps that may lead to a device that can detect environmental pollutants as well as...
Nakamura’s Diodes Display True Blue Emission
Mar 1, 2000 — Researchers from Nichia Corp. in Anan, Japan, including the company’s former head of research and development Shuji Nakamura, reported that they have produced 450-nm laser diodes. Nakamura’s work has led to the commercial production of...
Nanocrystals Outshine Laser Dyes
JERUSALEM -- JERUSALEM -- Semiconductor nanocrystals fabricated at Hebrew University produce a bright fluorescence radiation that can be size-tuned to the near-infrared. Chemists Uri Banin and Yun-Wie Cao’s method for making the nanocrystals with an indium...
Near-IR Diodes Help Make Gas-Trace Measurement Faster
MUNICH, Germany -- MUNICH, Germany -- In our everyday lives, we all are exposed to "BTX" -- air pollutants that are found at gas stations, at workplaces or on roads. BTX stands for benzene, toluene and xylene, three organic substances that are suspected carcinogens....
Optical Systems Created with Microlenses
Mar 1, 2000 — A research team from the Universität Mannheim in Germany has produced micro-objectives with a large numerical aperture by stacking gradient-index microlenses. The results, which were published in the Dec. 1, 1999, issue of Applied Optics,...
Organic Material Offers Fast Response
YOKOHAMA, Japan -- YOKOHAMA, Japan -- Because of their low cost and good manufacturability, organic photoconductors play an increasing role in xerographic applications and as the carrier transport layer in electroluminescent displays. But the photoelectric properties...
Porous Gold Nanostructures Perform Light Tricks
NEWARK, Del. -- NEWARK, Del. -- The optical properties of a newly developed nanoporous gold material with long-range periodicity may generate several photonic applications. This material is prepared by packing colloidal gold particles (15 to 25 nm in diameter)...
Rapid Spectral Imaging Determines Grapes’ Ripeness
PITTSBURGH -- PITTSBURGH -- In the long history of winemaking, determining when to harvest the grapes has been a task marked as much by guesswork as by skill. The conventional means to gauge ripeness involves selecting sample grapes and testing them with a sugar...
Researchers Seek Superconduction Secrets
BERKELEY, Calif. — Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, a tool that helped define semiconductor physics, is still proving useful to scientists working to explain the physics behind high-temperature superconductors -- basic research that may improve electric...
Thin Films Yield High-Efficiency Solar Cell
Mar 1, 2000 — A polycrystalline photovoltaic cell described in the October 1999 issue of Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications exhibits an efficiency of 12.8 percent. Its developers, a team of researchers from the Thin Film Physics Group at the...
Two Lasers Pump Atoms Through Nanotubes
EAST LANSING, Mich. -- EAST LANSING, Mich. -- Scanning tunneling microscopes can deposit individual atoms on surfaces, enabling researchers to study and modify nanostructures. Such microscopes do not have continuous capabilities, though, so are limited in transporting...
All-Optical Network Field-Tested
Feb 1, 2000 — Qtera Corp. of Boca Raton, Fla., and Qwest Communications International Inc. of Denver have completed a 30-day field trial of an all-optical network. The system transmitted 10-Gb/s signals over 2400 km of fiber without the need for optoelectronic...
Chip-Scale Packaging Applied to CMOS Sensor
Feb 1, 2000 — Photobit Corp. of Pasadena, Calif., and ShellCase Ltd. of Jerusalem have implemented wafer-level chip-scale packaging for complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) digital imaging sensors. ShellCase’s ShellOP process encases the imager...
Deep Inversion Offers Fast Modulation
FREIBURG, Germany -- FREIBURG, Germany -- Electro-optic modulators need to have a fast response, high bandwidth, a low drive voltage, low coupling loss and high stability, and they need to be small and capable of being integrated. These individual requirements may be...
Detector Probes Beauty and the Big Bang
Feb 1, 2000 — An outstanding problem ties the realms of the subatomic and the cosmic: The very existence of the universe seems to violate a tenet of the standard model of particle physics -- charge parity reversal. Researchers at Purdue University in West...
Fiber Eases Single-Molecule Detection
GAINESVILLE, Fla. -- GAINESVILLE, Fla. -- Several fluorescence techniques have emerged recently that meet the challenge of detecting single molecules. The emphasis now is on observing molecular reactions. Because many important biomolecular functions occur in an aqueous...
Fluorescent Biosensor Is Sensitive, Fast
LOS ALAMOS, N.M. -- LOS ALAMOS, N.M. -- By using polymers as fluorescent sensors, a new device has demonstrated detection sensitivity potentially a million times greater than conventional single-molecule-based fluorescence detection. The portable sensor has the...
IR Spectra Reveal Red Oxygen
Feb 1, 2000 — At 100,000 times atmospheric pressure, solid oxygen turns red. Researchers have been aware of the phenomenon since 1979; now a team in Florence, Italy, has an explanation. Using Fourier transform IR spectroscopy, Federico A. Gorelli and Roberto Bini...
Laser-Excited Fiber Provides Highly Visible Escape Routes
HADDINGTON, UK — An emergency onboard an offshore oil installation is too often fatal. Hundreds of yards of passageways can become a deadly maze when smoke and darkness obscure landmarks and escape routes. Lifor Ltd., which specializes in laser applications, has...
Lasers Amplify Matter Waves
Feb 1, 2000 — Two teams have independently reported the phase-coherent amplification of matter waves. The technique promises to lead to the development of active matter-wave devices with applications in metrology and atom optics. Researchers at the Massachusetts...
Lucent Exhibits Free-Space Video
Feb 1, 2000 — Lucent Technologies of Murray Hill, N.J., demonstrated its WaveStar OpticAir networking system for cable television providers at the Western Cable Show in Los Angeles in December. The laser-based free-space system transmits signals at up to 2.5 Gb/s...
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