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Research & Technology News

Squares May Resolve Exosolar Planets
CAMBRIDGE, Mass. -- CAMBRIDGE, Mass. -- With one exception, astronomers have observed all of the known exosolar planets indirectly by monitoring the changes they elicit in the radial velocities of their parent stars. NASA has an ambitious plan, the Terrestrial Planet Finder mission, that would use nulling interferometry to collect the light from Earth-like planets 50 light-years away. However, it depends on technologies that have not yet been developed. A new approach based on apodized square apertures promises a...
Third-Harmonic Excitation Improves Resolution
BERKELEY, Calif. -- BERKELEY, Calif. -- When researchers at the University of California teamed a near-infrared laser with a near-field scanning optical microscope, they created a high-resolution imaging technique with chemical specificity. The new system combines an...
Vertical-Cavity Structure Offers Amplification
SANTA BARBARA, Calif. -- SANTA BARBARA, Calif. -- Vertical-cavity semiconductor optical amplifiers have promised enhanced coupling efficiencies and no polarization dependency for long-distance optical communications, but they have not demonstrated the performance to compete...
Coherent Shows Prototype Laser
Mar 1, 2001 — Santa Clara, Calif.-based Coherent Photonics Group, Laser Div., introduced a prototype solid-state laser at Photonics West in San Jose, Calif., in January. The company hopes that the device, which is in beta testing for commercial release later this...
Crystal Could Improve Optical Communications
ALBUQUERQUE, N.M. -- ALBUQUERQUE, N.M. -- Researchers at Sandia National Laboratories and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge have fabricated a two-dimensional photonic crystal that controls light in three directions. The work raises the prospect of a...
Crystals Find Work as Beamsplitters
Mar 1, 2001 — Photonic crystals have been the focus of research as all-optical systems for communications and computing move toward reality. A group at Bilkent University in Ankara, Turkey, has taken the work further with the demonstration of crystal-based...
Digital Cinema Is on the Horizon
Mar 1, 2001 — Digital cinema is coming, but don’t expect it to revolutionize the moviemaking process, said Larry J. Hornbeck of Dallas-based Texas Instruments Inc. at Photonics West in San Jose, Calif., in January. "We want to maintain the look of film that...
Fiber Damage Threshold Raised
EDINBURGH, UK -- EDINBURGH, UK -- The flexibility of fiber optics promises to improve laser machining processes, but high-energy lasers damage the fiber and affect the beam quality. Now researchers from Heriot-Watt University, Liverpool University of Liverpool and...
Fibers Yield Efficient Displays
EDINBURGH, UK -- EDINBURGH, UK -- Today’s power-hungry laptops can run for only a few hours before they’ve eaten their way through a full battery. The main culprit is the display, which must be powered to overcome ambient light. That could be set to...
Free-Electron Laser Plunges into the Ultraviolet
Mar 1, 2001 — Pursuing x-ray laser emission for applications across the sciences, an international research team has achieved 109-nm output from a test bed free-electron laser at Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron in Hamburg, Germany. The system uses a...
Hairy Worm Wears Photonic Crystals
SYDNEY, Australia -- SYDNEY, Australia -- Once upon a time, there was a mouse that wasn’t really a mouse, with fur that wasn’t really fur but photonic crystals. It may sound like a fairy tale, but researchers have discovered that the colorful spines of a...
Halos Indicate Cubic Airborne Ice
Mar 1, 2001 — Photographs of atmospheric halos over the Lascar volcano in northern Chile imply that water ice can grow in a cubic crystalline structure. Researchers from the Ursa Astronomical Association of Helsinki, Finland, and Helsinki University of Technology...
Integrated Active Thin-Film Cooling Demonstrated
Mar 1, 2001 — Temperature variations are the primary cause of wavelength drift in laser sources for optical communications, leading to crosstalk and other sources of error. Thermoelectric coolers are a common solution, but they increase integration costs and can...
Lasers and Monolayers Pattern Surfaces
MURRAY HILL, N.J. -- MURRAY HILL, N.J. -- Semiconductors have long enjoyed the benefits of being small, but the same hasn’t been true for other devices. Many photonic gadgets being developed require the formation of tiny, complex structures. One possible way to...
LEDs Fool Quantum Mechanics
Mar 1, 2001 — While developing a test to measure the formation of singlet and triplet excitons in electrically conductive plastics, researchers at the University of Utah in Salt Lake City, the Indian Institute of Science in Bangalore and the University of Arizona...
Machined Fibers Improve Midinfrared Spectrometry
VIENNA, Austria -- VIENNA, Austria -- Optical fibers have improved the versatility of near-infrared spectrometers, but instruments operating in the mid-IR have yet to see the development of efficient fibers or coupling. Bernhard Lendl, leader of the chemical analysis...
Mid-IR Laser Diode Raises Operating Temperature
Mar 1, 2001 — Spectrometrists probing the midinfrared with semiconductor lasers have had to be content with the higher noise and spectral width of pulsed operation or else use cryogenic cooling to achieve continuous-wave (CW) operation. A quantum cascade device...
NASA Experiment Aims for Failure
Mar 1, 2001 — NASA has had its share of failures in the past few years, and with any luck that won’t change with its Space Radiation Electronics Testbed launched into orbit last November. The goal of the experiment, based at the agency’s Marshall...
NTT Deploys Lucent C+L-Band System
Mar 1, 2001 — NTT Communications of Tokyo has installed a WaveStar OLS 400GL optical networking system from Lucent Technologies Inc. of Murray Hill, N.J. This is the first commercial deployment of the WaveStar system, which transmits signals in both the 1530- to...
Photodynamic Therapy Studied
Mar 1, 2001 — A team at the University of Calgary in Alberta, Canada, has used two-photon excitation to improve the specificity of photodynamic therapy. The tight focus of two-photon excitation confines the energy to a volume of about 1 µm3, which reduces...
Polycrystalline Nd:YAG Laser Ups Efficiency
Mar 1, 2001 — The ubiquity of single-crystal Nd:YAG lasers belies the comparative difficulty in forming and doping the neodymium crystals. Their polycrystalline cousins offer a simpler and more cost-effective fabrication process but, until recently, have not...
Pump Produces 128-nm Excimer Emission
Mar 1, 2001 — Rare-gas excimer lasers based on Ar2 offer powerful extreme-ultraviolet sources for 128-nm lithography tools, but the electron-beam pumping scheme for these instruments is costly and impractical. An alternative pumping method developed by a group of...
Putting the Brakes on Light
CAMBRIDGE, Mass. -- CAMBRIDGE, Mass. -- Two teams of researchers, working independently, have put the brakes on light, stopping it and holding it still, if for only a moment. One team, led by Lene Vestergaard Hau, combined physicists from Harvard University and the...
Radical Lens Theory Repeals Diffraction Limit
LONDON -- LONDON -- Thinking positive doesn’t always produce the best results. For centuries, lens makers so relied on materials with a positive refractive index to fabricate optics that they never questioned the intrinsic trade-off of these materials....
Richard Gaughan
FAYETTEVILLE, Ark. -- FAYETTEVILLE, Ark. -- As watchers of the telecommunications industry know, when it comes to bandwidth, too much is never enough. Wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) has been revolutionary, multiplying the potential capacity of each fiber with not...

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