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Research & Technology News

Multispectral Images Expose City Dynamics
Jul 1, 2001 — Using data from the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer aboard NASA’s Terra satellite, geologists at Arizona State University in Tempe are learning why cities form the way they do. An analysis of 12 cities from nine countries already has revealed that there are three classes of cities -- decentralized, centralized and intermediate -- determined by density, growth pattern, and presence or absence of an urban center. The instrument aboard Terra produces images...
Multispectral Imaging Reopens Old Texts
Jul 1, 2001 — PROVO, Utah -- Our record of Western antiquity is a piecemeal assemblage of oral traditions, myths and scattered clues from gravestones, road markings, coins, civic monuments and pottery shards. This dearth of a coherent body of literature to...
Quantum Wells Stack Up
OTTAWA -- OTTAWA -- Although single-channel quantum-well infrared photodetector arrays have arrived on the commercial market, multiwavelength arrays have not left the lab. Among impediments to commercialization are the cost and complexity of integrating...
Satellite Carries Laser Experiment
Jul 1, 2001 — A 1400-lb satellite carrying an experimental laser communications package has been successfully launched from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida. The National Reconnaissance Office’s GeoLite satellite was built by TRW Space &...
Thermal Detector Studies the Sun
WOBURN, Mass. -- WOBURN, Mass. -- Changes in the sun’s luminosity may affect the global climate over a timescale of centuries. Scientists attempting to quantify these changes must cope with both a wide spectral range and the extreme spatial variation across...
Acousto-Optic Effect Studied
Jun 1, 2001 — Gradients of acoustic pressure in nematic liquid crystal, known as acoustic streaming, are responsible for the acousto-optic effect, according to researchers from Chung Yuan Christian University in Chung-Li and National Chao Tung University in...
Büchi Opens Spectroscopy Competition
Jun 1, 2001 — Büchi Labortechnik AG of Flawil, Switzerland, is accepting applications for its award recognizing contributions to and applications of near-infrared spectroscopy. The application deadline for the award, which amounts to $5000, is June 30....
Bugs Lead the Way to Better Detectors
BONN, Germany -- BONN, Germany -- Photonics regularly draws the inspiration for new technologies from the natural world, such as microbolometers and green fluorescent protein from rattlesnakes and jellyfish, respectively. It should come as no surprise, then, that...
CoO Infiltration Enhances YIG Films
Jun 1, 2001 — A team at the National Physical Laboratory in New Delhi, India, has developed films of infiltrated yttrium iron garnet that promise applications as high-density magneto-optical recording media, waveguides and modulators in integrated optical...
Cosmos 1 Solar Sail Delayed
Jun 1, 2001 — An accident during prelaunch testing has delayed the test flight of the Cosmos 1, which was developed by Babakin Space Center in Moscow for The Planetary Society of Pasadena, Calif. The solar sail remains scheduled for late September or early...
Fluorescence Sampling Targets Oil Spills
DHAHRAN, Saudi Arabia -- DHAHRAN, Saudi Arabia -- Oil spills happen nearly every day throughout the world, but only a fraction are highly publicized. Lesser spills are far more frequent, most occurring when tankers discard oil during ballasting and other routine operations....
Gas Purifiers Improve Film Growth
Jun 1, 2001 — Aeronex Inc. of San Diego has announced the completion of a one-year study with the University of California in Santa Barbara into the impact of gas purification systems on metallorganic chemical vapor deposition. According to the researchers, gas...
Handwashing Olympics Highlights Hygiene
WASHINGTON -- WASHINGTON -- According to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, dirty hands are responsible for 25 percent of food-borne illnesses, or 75 million annually, and for 5000 deaths in the US every year. To raise awareness of the problem and...
International Sematech to Upgrade Microstepper
Jun 1, 2001 — International Sematech of Austin, Texas, a consortium of 13 semiconductor chip manufacturers, has announced plans to upgrade its 157-nm microstepper from Exitech Ltd. of Oxford, UK. The incorporation of a 0.85-NA objective should enable the system...
Laser Measures Shiny Objects in 3-D
OKAYAMA, Japan -- OKAYAMA, Japan -- Laser rangefinders can be used to precisely determine the three-dimensional shapes of objects, but only if the objects display lambertian reflection. Now researchers at Okayama University have developed a system that can measure...
Lidar Finds Fish from the Air
BOULDER, Colo. -- BOULDER, Colo. -- Since antiquity, man has pondered the question: How many fish are lurking in the waters below? Getting an accurate picture of a fish population is still a challenge to the fishery manager who must set catch limits so as not to...
Lidar Takes the Sky’s Temperature
URBANA, Ill. -- URBANA, Ill. -- For climatologists, a key question isn’t how high is the sky, but how hot is the sky. Understanding the temperature of various levels of the atmosphere is essential to developing global climate models. Now lidar, a photonics...
Machine Vision Aids Lifeguards
BEVERLY, Mass. -- BEVERLY, Mass. -- Despite their best efforts, lifeguards cannot monitor every swimmer in a loud, busy pool. According to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, an average of six people drown daily in US pools, and drowning is the second...
Micro-Optics Enable Microsatellites
IRVINE, Calif. -- IRVINE, Calif. -- Microsatellites are gaining acceptance in the aerospace community as potential replacements for conventional satellites. These spacecraft can be as small as a Coca-Cola bottle, so it would be far less expensive to deploy them. One...
Multispectral Microscopy Accelerates
MILWAUKEE -- MILWAUKEE -- Multispectral microscopy provides information about the spatial variation in wavelength-dependent parameters of features on the scale of a few microns, but when elements of a sample rapidly change with time, it becomes difficult to...
Night-Vision Goggles Spot Radiation
WARRINGTON, UK -- WARRINGTON, UK -- Tinkering with an old phenomenon in physics, designers are tackling a modern danger. They have retooled military night-vision goggles to see alpha radiation through scintillation, the effect discovered by Ernest Rutherford wherein...
Photochemical Etching Developed for GaN
Jun 1, 2001 — A wet photochemical etching technique promises to ease the production of devices fabricated from GaN-based materials, which are resistant to most chemical etches and which can display defects when dry-etched. In the March 26 issue of Applied Physics...
Quantum Cascade Laser Operates at Room Temperature
Jun 1, 2001 — Researchers from Thales Corporate Research in Orsay, France, have developed a GaAs-based quantum cascade laser that operates at room temperature. Since their development in 1995, quantum cascade lasers have found applications in gas sensing and...
Single-Molecule Study Exposes Glass Dynamics
AUSTIN, Texas -- AUSTIN, Texas -- Glasses and noncrystalline materials have been important to humans for thousands of years, but scientists have been at a loss to explain what is going on as these materials cool from liquids into amorphous solids. Using a new...
Thermal Imager Passes Test
Jun 1, 2001 — The Aero 20/2X thermal imaging system designed for law enforcement, aerial inspection, and search and rescue applications has successfully completed its initial flight test aboard an OH-58 helicopter. Developed by Sagebrush Technology Inc. of...

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