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Research & Technology News

Pathogen Detector Employs Photoacoustics
Feb 1, 2002 — Two universities and two firms in Washington state are developing equipment that uses photoacoustics to monitor air for potentially deadly biological agents in environments ranging from mailrooms to airports. Eastern Washington University in Cheney is collaborating with InnovaTek in Richland, Quantum Northwest in Spokane and Washington State University in Pullman to develop the equipment, which uses laser pulses to excite light-absorbing substances that release energy as heat. The...
Photonic Gauge Has 0.03 °C Resolution
Feb 1, 2002 — Researchers have developed a way to take the temperature of a fluid on a tiny scale and with a light touch. The technique could have applications in microfluidic systems, the labs-on-a-chip that promise to revolutionize analytical chemistry and...
Polymer Coating Protects Immersed Fiber Optic Oxygen Sensors
Feb 1, 2002 — Pesky protein and microorganism buildup can foul up fiber optic oxygen sensors during long-term, continuous immersion in aqueous media, leading to drift and sensor failure. But researchers have discovered that polymer coatings containing...
Polymer May Offer Switching Solutions
Feb 1, 2002 — An organic polymer and liquid crystal waveguide device under development by a team of researchers in Italy and Sweden promises applications in integrated optical circuits and in all-optical switches for telecommunications. If proved commercially...
Quantum Dot Lasers Remain Stable
Feb 1, 2002 — Quantum dot lasers are, by nature, more thermally stable than quantum well lasers. Their confinement of a limited number of electrons and holes also limits thermal carrier distribution. Used as an active region for semiconductor lasers, quantum dots...
Reagents Crafted to Detect Chemical Properties
Feb 1, 2002 — A reagent containing intelligent polymerized crystalline colloidal arrays that colorimetrically indicate levels of pH, temperature and Pb2+ concentrations in solutions has been designed by researchers at the University of Pittsburgh. According to...
Researchers Spectrally Model Butterfly Wings
Feb 1, 2002 — In the past, researchers have tried to model butterfly wings as simple, planar thin-film structures to gain insight about their radiative effects, but they have produced results that fail to explain the blue iridescence of the Morpho menelaus. The...
Spectrometer Enables Better Plasma Displays
Feb 1, 2002 — Until now, the study of suitable phosphors for plasma display panels has been trial and error because no device has been sensitive enough to investigate their properties. But researchers at Kyushu University in Fukuoka, Japan, have developed an...
Spectrometry Identifies Fungi
Feb 1, 2002 — The emerging field of phyloproteomics seeks to categorize the relationships between microorganisms by the mass of their respective proteins. Now researchers at the University of Maryland in College Park have used matrix-assisted laser...
Thin Film Blows Hot and Cold
Feb 1, 2002 — Some like it hot, some like it cold, but everybody likes it efficient. That's why a new thin-film thermoelectric material is attracting attention. It responds 23,000 times faster than the material in bulk and offers hundreds of times the cooling...
Vibrometer Makes Waves in Testing
Feb 1, 2002 — When it comes to making optical fiber for use in sensors that measure vibration and acoustic pressure, determining wave speed and mechanical loss can mean the difference between a sensor that works and one that does not. A team at Georgia Institute...
Adaptive Pulse Shaping Provides Photoselective Molecular Excitation
Jan 1, 2002 — Researchers from the Universität Würzburg in Germany have discovered that selective excitation of individual molecule types in a heterogeneous solution, while not attainable through manipulation of single parameters such as wavelength or linear...
Crystal Traps Light
Jan 1, 2002 — A year ago, two research teams made big news by slowing the propagation of light through a vapor trap to a virtual stop. Now a group led by Philip R. Hemmer of the Air Force Research Laboratory at Edwards Air Force Base, Calif., and M. Selim...
Direct Laser Interferometry Forms Magnetic Nanodots
Jan 1, 2002 — Laser-written compact disks have nibbled at market share for magnetic storage media. Could lasers be aimed next at enabling advanced magnetic media for computer hard drives? Russian and American scientists are collaborating on a way to pattern...
Exposing Photon-Photon Scattering
Jan 1, 2002 — It is intuitive to think of light as interacting with matter and not with itself, but this ignores the predictions of physics, which hold that photon-photon scattering is possible. Researchers at Umeå University in Umeå and at Chalmers University of...
Fast Ignition Boosts Neutron Counts
Jan 1, 2002 — In another step toward realizing the dream of fusion energy, researchers investigating fast-ignition inertial confinement fusion have produced 10 times the neutron count compared with that by inertial confinement alone. The work promises clean...
Interference Acts as Light 'Switch'
Jan 1, 2002 — A "switch" discovered by researchers at the University of Toronto in Canada could lead to the creation of an optical transistor. Aephraim Steinberg, Kevin Resch and Jeff Lundeen found that a BBO crystal lased with a 20-mW Ti:sapphire beam prohibits...
IR Blind-Spot Detection Testing Extended
Jan 1, 2002 — Autosense Ltd. of Denver and Ford Motor Co. of Dearborn, Mich., have agreed to expand testing of a low-cost blind-spot detection system that uses low-power IR lasers to locate vehicles in adjacent lanes. The Autosense-owned system, called...
Laser Beams Link Satellites
Jan 1, 2002 — The European Space Agency's Artemis satellite and the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales' observation satellite, SPOT 4, established a satellite laser data link last November. The link used a 60-W, 850-nm laser diode from SDL Inc., which is now part...
Laser-Based Cooler Refrigerates by 13 K
Jan 1, 2002 — Most of us envision lasers cutting through plate steel or vaporizing tissue, but they also can cool molecules and atoms. A team at the University of Queensland in Brisbane, Australia, hopes to use this phenomenon to create a laser-based solid-state...
Microlenses Self-Align to Optical Fibers
Jan 1, 2002 — The size of microlenses enables them to guide laser beams to or from optical fibers that are hair thin. The difficulty of fabricating such small lenses pales in comparison with the challenge of aligning the lens to a fiber. The alignment task...
Near-Field Microscopy Probes Quantum Dots
Jan 1, 2002 — Near-field optical microscopy is enabling researchers at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor and at the Naval Research Laboratory in Washington to investigate the fundamental physical characteristics of quantum dots. The work will lead to a...
Optical Sensor May Aid War on Bioterrorism
Jan 1, 2002 — Bioterrorism, once an abstract threat in the US, became reality in 2001. But even before the highly publicized outbreak of anthrax infections, scientists knew that they needed a sensitive, on-site technique for detecting trace amounts of deadly...
Optical Tomography Moves to Developmental Biology
Jan 1, 2002 — Faculty and students at Harvey Mudd College in Claremont, Calif., are using optical coherence tomography technology to capture three-dimensional movies of developing cell systems. Conventional methodologies typically employ a scanning electron...
Photon Sieve Focuses Soft X-Rays
Jan 1, 2002 — Researchers at Universität Kiel and Universität Hamburg, both in Germany, have achieved a sharper focus of soft x-rays from high-power, free-electron sources than from conventional zone-plate optics. The "photon sieve" method uses pinholes that vary...

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