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Research & Technology News

Coastal Imager Provides Linear Results
May 1, 2002 — Tests performed by the Naval Research Laboratory in Washington have found that the Ocean Portable Hyperspectral Imager for Low-Light Spectroscopy produces highly linear spectral and radiometric responses while imaging coastal environments. The push-broom scanning device may be useful for applications such as measuring water depths, detecting submarines and submerged hazards, and monitoring the health of coral reefs. According to a report in the Feb. 24 issue of Optics Express, the two key...
Doppler Lidar Maps High-Altitude Winds
May 1, 2002 — According to Bob Dylan, the answer is blowing in the wind. That's certainly true for weather prediction, as winds throughout the atmosphere steer weather patterns and are an essential parameter for accurate forecasts. Unfortunately, the information...
InAlGaN Quantum Wells Boost UV Emission
May 1, 2002 — Using InAlGaN-based multiple quantum wells fabricated on SiC, Japanese researchers from Riken in Saitama, Waseda University in Tokyo and Tokyo Institute of Technology in Yokohama have produced high-intensity 300- to 340-nm emissions at room...
Laser Controls Nanoparticle Growth
May 1, 2002 — Spontaneous self-assembly has been a primary approach to the production of nanoparticles. But researchers at Southampton University in the UK and Moscow State University in Russia, led by Southampton physics professor Nikolay I. Zheludev, have found...
Laser Deposits High-k Silicate Films
May 1, 2002 — Researchers at Université du Quebec in Varennes, Canada, hope to enable semiconductor manufacturers to continue reducing the size of integrated circuits. The laser-deposited films of titanium silicate created by the team suggest that an answer to...
Laser Emits Broadband Radiation
May 1, 2002 — Think laser, and odds are that you'll think monochromaticity. A quantum cascade laser developed at Lucent Technologies Inc.'s Bell Labs in Murray Hill, N.J., however, threatens to overturn this "narrow" conception. Quantum cascade lasers are...
Laser Ultrasound Tests Train Tracks
May 1, 2002 — A train accident occurs in the US every 90 minutes, many of which are attributable to undetected cracks in the tracks. Ultrasound techniques are used to test for cracks, but they are limited in application and have difficulties detecting cracks that...
Laser-Ion Interaction Produces Coherent X-Rays
May 1, 2002 — A team at Albert Ludwigs Universität Freiburg in Germany has proposed a means of generating femtosecond pulses of coherent x-rays with wavelengths less than 0.1 nm for chemical and biological imaging. If successful, the technique promises to enable...
Lasers Induce Transformation of Benzene
May 1, 2002 — Multiple 70-mW continuous-wave laser sources have been used by researchers from the Università di Firenze and the European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy and INFM, both in Florence, Italy, to induce the chemical transformation of crystalline...
Microscopy Techniques Image Organic LED Bubble Formation
May 1, 2002 — Scientists from the Institute of Materials Research and Engineering in Singapore have examined the formation of dark spots in organic LEDs caused by dome-shaped bubbles at the interface between an emissive and nonemissive diode layer. Using the...
Mid-IR VCSEL Operates at Room Temperature
May 1, 2002 — An optically pumped vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) that emits in the mid-IR at above room temperature in pulsed mode could have far-reaching implications for chemical analysis and atmospheric pollution monitoring. Nearly all gas...
Nanosecond Pulses Improve Laser Nitriding
May 1, 2002 — Nanosecond excimer laser pulses yield better results than femtosecond pulses when laser nitriding iron, according to a paper published in the Feb. 11 issue of Applied Physics Letters. Laser nitriding exposes iron to a high-power-density laser in...
Near-Field Microscopy Validates VCSEL Models
May 1, 2002 — Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) have been gaining ground in a variety of applications, including telecommunications. Researchers at the Colorado School of Mines in Golden, working in conjunction with Cielo Communications Inc. of...
Passive Mode-Locking Is Achieved in Ytterbium Laser
May 1, 2002 — Using an ion-implanted semiconductor saturable absorber mirror researchers at Australian National University in Canberra and Macquarie University in Sydney, Australia, have achieved passive mode-locking in a diode-pumped, self-frequency-doubling...
Photodetector Developed with 1.5-µm Sensitivity
May 1, 2002 — Silicon-based photodetectors may benefit high-speed optical communications technologies because of their potentially simple integration. But developing a cost-effective, efficient detector that obtains a photoresponse in the 1.3- to 1.55-µm...
Raman Imaging Probes Ancient Rocks
May 1, 2002 — The microscopic structures discovered in the 3.5 billion-year-old rocks of Western Australia known as the Apex cherts, are among the earliest known signs of life on Earth. Or are they? The cherts were reported in 1993 by J. William Schopf of the...
Rare-Earth Solders Make Better Bonds
May 1, 2002 — Diamonds may be "forever," but the bonds they form with metal solders often are not. While typical solders can form strong bonds with metals, they adhere weakly to oxide surfaces such as diamond, quartz or fused silica. However, researchers at Agere...
Simpler Technique Measures Group Velocity Dispersion
May 1, 2002 — Group velocity dispersion in optical fiber degrades the quality of transmitted data and limits the data rate. If the dispersion in the system is known, it can be compensated, but measuring it takes sensitive, specialized equipment. A new technique...
Team Moves Bose-Einstein Condensates 44 cm
May 1, 2002 — A team from Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge has moved gaseous Bose-Einstein condensates as far as 44 cm using an optical tweezer method. As described in the Jan. 14 issue of Physical Review Letters, the researchers used a 5-W,...
Two-Photon Absorption Enables Microfabrication
May 1, 2002 — Two-photon absorption tech-niques that have proved beneficial to biological imaging are spilling over into the industrial realm. Researchers at Osaka University in Suita, Japan, are using two-photon absorption to create polymer structures with...
Widely Tunable Terahertz Generator Developed
May 1, 2002 — Researchers at Riken's Photo Dynamics Research Center in Sendai, Japan, have developed a 0.7- to 2.4-THz, 125- to 430-µm terahertz wave parametric generator (right) that is injection-seeded by an external cavity diode laser to provide a Fourier...
Antenna Produces High-Energy Terahertz Radiation
Apr 1, 2002 — Researchers from the University of Electrocommunications in Tokyo and NEC Corp. in Kanagawa, Japan, have produced terahertz radiation with an energy density of 10 µJ/cm2 from a photoconductive semiconductor antenna. Using 0.5-ps pulses from a...
Dye Lases by Three-Photon Excitation
Apr 1, 2002 — Researchers at State University of New York in Buffalo have developed an organic dye that absorbs three photons of infrared radiation to produce stimulated emission at 553 nm. Because of its relatively high efficiency, the dye may have applications...
Fiber Measures Behavior of Adhesives
Apr 1, 2002 — At Corning Inc.'s Science and Technology Div. in Corning, N.Y., scientists have developed a technique that accurately predicts the photothermal behavior of the optical-path adhesives that connect photonic components in optical networks. With the...
Laser Emissions Induced in Micron-Scale Silicon Aggregates
Apr 1, 2002 — Researchers from the University of Illinois in Urbana-Champaign have induced 610-nm laser emissions in aggregates of silicon as small as 8 µm in diameter. The aggregates were formed by dispersing nanoparticles of silicon from a bulk form through...

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