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Research & Technology News

Excitons Form Condensate
Oct 1, 2002 — A new Bose-Einstein condensate formed from excitons rather than from atoms could extend the study of quantum properties. As reported in the Aug. 15 issue of Nature, physicists at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in Berkeley, Calif., set the stage for condensate formation using laser-excited photoluminescence on quantum wells. By applying an electrical field perpendicularly to the quantum-well plane, the scientists could bind an electron in one quantum well to a hole in another,...
Excitons Form Luminescent Rings
Oct 1, 2002 — Two independent teams have reported observing photoluminescent rings from indirect excitons in coupled quantum wells. Excitons are boson particles similar to a hydrogen atom, except with a charge hole instead of a proton. Indirect excitons are...
Laser Diode Emits Yellow-Green Light
Oct 1, 2002 — MgZnCdSe-based II-VI compounds have great potential for use in visible-wavelength laser diodes. Until recently, however, researchers had been unable to achieve lasing with these semiconductors because there were no suitable P-type cladding layers....
Laser Pulses Move Bubble in Solid
Oct 1, 2002 — Femtosecond laser pulses can move a microscopic bubble inside solids, report scientists from Osaka University in Japan in the July 15 issue of Optics Express. They focused a Ti:sapphire laser producing 130-fs, 800-nm pulses at a depth of 200 µm...
Lithography Creates AlGaAs Microdiscs
Oct 1, 2002 — Researchers from the University of Hamburg in Germany have fabricated large periodic arrays of AlGaAs semiconductor microdiscs using laser-interference lithography, reactive-ion etching and selective wet-chemical etching of GaAs with a...
Metal Nanoparticles Offer New Imaging Method
Oct 1, 2002 — As biochemical investigations focus on ever-smaller structures, methods for detecting elements as small as single molecules must be developed. The ideal label would be small enough to have no impact on molecular activity, yet would have a constant...
Nanotubes May Make Good Switches
Oct 1, 2002 — Ultrafast all-optical switches likely will be integral to future time-division-multiplexing communications and free-space optical computing systems. The nonlinear optical properties of carbon nanotubes suggest that these structures may be useful for...
Optical Fiber Measures Two-Photon Fluorescence
Oct 1, 2002 — Scientists at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor have performed real-time, two-photon fluorescence measurements in vitro using a single optical fiber. Employing an 830-nm, 80-fs pulsed laser cycling at 80 MHz as an excitation source, they...
Optical Switch Offers 1.4-dB Loss
Oct 1, 2002 — Optical telecom networks have relied on electronic switching, but all-optical switching presents an attractive alternative because it is less expensive, takes up less space and consumes less power. Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) have been...
Phase Contrast Produces Dynamic, Multiple-Beam Optical Tweezers
Oct 1, 2002 — Using generalized, phase-contrast-based encoding onto a spatial light modulator, researchers at the Risø National Laboratory in Roskilde, Denmark, have demonstrated a nonmechanical method to produce an array of optical trapping beams whose position,...
Photoacoustics Targets Medicine
Oct 1, 2002 — Photoacoustics, or laser-generated ultrasonic pulses in solid or liquid media, have been used for years in nondestructive testing, process monitoring and materials characterization. Researchers from Northwestern University in Evanston, Ill., have...
Physicists Produce Photons Ideal for Quantum Networking
Oct 1, 2002 — Physicists at the Max Planck Institute for Quantum Optics in Garching, Germany, have used a rubidium atom that was strongly coupled to a high-finesse optical cavity (above) to produce, on demand, a sequence of single photons with well-defined and...
Plasmon Transmission Retains Photon Entanglement
Oct 1, 2002 — Entangled photons stay entangled, even after being converted to plasmons, according to the findings of researchers at Leiden University in the Netherlands. They used glass/gold arrays that, at holes in the gold interface (right), convert photons...
Scientists Report Single-Molecule Electroluminescence
Oct 1, 2002 — Building on earlier research at Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta that demonstrated the optical storage potential of thin films containing silver nanoclusters, one of the scientists from that study has coaxed photon emissions from...
Stressed VCSEL Displays Stable Polarization
Oct 1, 2002 — When it comes to polarization, VCSELs, or vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers, can't make up their minds. The devices are circular and symmetrical, but their constituent semiconductor materials have two crystal orientations, so the laser output...
Tweezers Catch and Analyze Particles
Oct 1, 2002 — Researchers at East Carolina University in Greenville, N.C., have developed a combined laser tweezers and Raman spectroscopy technique that enables them to capture and measure both transparent and nontransparent particles. The system could prove...
Amplifier Switching Time Shortened Tenfold
Sep 1, 2002 — A technique that makes "turn on/turn off" switching times for network semiconductor optical amplifiers 10 times faster has been developed by researchers from the University of Campinas in Brazil. The group added 150-ps electrical pulses to the...
Australian Researchers Teleport Laser Beam
Sep 1, 2002 — A team from the Australian National University in Canberra has reported the successful quantum teleportation of a laser beam using two Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen entangled laser beams. The method, which was similar to that used by California Institute...
Clock Measures Attosecond Pulses
Sep 1, 2002 — Scientists at Université de Sherbrooke in Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada, and at the National Research Council in Ottawa are using double ionization to measure the strength and duration of the attosecond electron pulses created by intense infrared laser...
Evidence Found for Magnetars
Sep 1, 2002 — The mysterious stellar objects known as anomalous x-ray pulsars can put out x-ray luminosities that are orders of magnitude larger than what should be produced by their rotational energy loss. One of the most popular theories for this is that the...
Gaussian Telescope Aperture Improves Contrast
Sep 1, 2002 — Changing the aperture of a telescope has allowed researchers from Pennsylvania State University in University Park to find a star previously hidden by a brighter star. The team, led by Jian Ge, mounted a metal disc with 12 Gaussian-shaped holes...
Laser Diode Provides High-Power Pulses
Sep 1, 2002 — Researchers have constructed a laser diode capable of generating approximately 100-W, picosecond-range pulses by using an AlGaAs layer as a potential barrier between the structure's PN junction and gain region. The barrier slows down the...
Laser Powers Paper Airplanes
Sep 1, 2002 — A laser-based propulsion system for ultralight aircraft has been demonstrated by researchers at Tokyo Institute of Technology. The technique, which they reported in the June 10 issue of Applied Physics Letters, may find applications in the...
Laser Produces Better Road Signs
Sep 1, 2002 — Most of us acknowledge the messages on roadway signs, and we speed by without giving them another thought. But researchers at Zhejiang University in Hangzhou, China, are working hard to improve signage technology to better catch our eye. They have...
Laser Tweezers Rotate Microscopic Rotors
Sep 1, 2002 — Researchers at the Institute of Biophysics in Szeged, Hungary, have employed laser tweezers to bi-directionally rotate a microscopic rotor made of a polymerized resin.   The team created a rotor approximately 5 µm in diameter by performing...

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