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Research & Technology News

Nanoporous Coatings Exhibit Low Refractive Index
Nov 1, 2002 — Researchers at Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge have developed an aqueous-based process to uniformly cover the surface of most materials with an antireflective layer. They say the method produces surfaces with antireflective properties as good as or better than those created with most techniques, while eliminating the use of harsh chemical solvents that pose environmental hazards or damage sensitive optical components. Also, unlike other techniques, it can uniformly coat...
Nanoscale Optics Unhindered by Diffraction Limit
Nov 1, 2002 — As optics designers strive to shrink photonic devices to nanoscale size, they must contend with the fact that diffraction restricts the minimum lateral dimensions of dielectric optical elements and waveguides to about half the effective light...
Nd:YAG Replaces Spark Plug in Lean-Burn Engine
Nov 1, 2002 — Forget about putting a tiger in your tank; to really get your motor running, put a laser under the hood. Research scientists at the US Department of Energy's National Energy Technology Laboratory in Morgantown, W.Va., have demonstrated that...
Near-Field Probes Offer 30-nm Resolution for Photoluminescence Imaging
Nov 1, 2002 — A group of scientists at Kanagawa Academy of Science and Technology, the University of Tsukuba and the Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (Riken), all in Japan, have demonstrated a spatial resolution of 30 nm in the photoluminescence...
Optical Trap Builds Microvalves
Nov 1, 2002 — Microfluidic devices have made chemical and biological analysis faster, more selective and less taxing on the supply of material under study. However, commonly used lithographic manufacturing methods cannot produce pumps and valves approximately 100...
Optical Tweezers Benefit from In Situ Laser Power Measurement
Nov 1, 2002 — With optical tweezers, the potential photodamage to cells or other biological tissues makes it important to know local laser power. Because the trapping force is proportional to the laser power at the objective focus, power measurement must be...
Polymers Extend Range of Blue Phase
Nov 1, 2002 — Blue-phase liquid crystals display much promise in photonics -- for example, in switching applications -- but their temperature sensitivity has made their deployment problematic. Now a team at Kyushu University, Precursory Research for Embryonic...
Quantum-Dot Lasers Exhibit High Characteristic Temperature
Nov 1, 2002 — Researchers at the University of Texas at Austin have developed 1.3-µm InAs quantum-dot GaAs-based lasers whose characteristic temperature and low threshold current density may someday enable them to supplant InP-based lasers in fiber optic...
Shaped CO2 Pulses Cleanly Ablate Silica Glass
Nov 1, 2002 — Although excimer and ultrafast laser technology can machine silica glass, the high average power and material removal rate of CO2 lasers is more practical for machining large surface areas, provided that feature sizes are greater than 10 µm....
Single Laser Matches Transmission Record
Nov 1, 2002 — The record for optical data transmission has long since passed a terabit per second, but the feat generally has required the energy of multiple diode lasers. Scientists at the University of Central Florida have reported similar results using a...
Speckle Patterns Offer Secure Code Keys
Nov 1, 2002 — To ensure that secrets stay secret, information should flow easily in one direction but not in the reverse. Researchers at Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge suggest that using the speckle patterns that arise when a laser beam shines...
Time-Reversal Mirror Offers Subwavelength Focusing
Nov 1, 2002 — Two researchers at Université Paris VII have reported that they have used an acoustic time-reversal mirror to achieve focal spots of less than λ/14. Although the experiment involved sound waves, the scientists are investigating the suitability...
Ultrafast Laser Chisels Lens Inside Glass
Nov 1, 2002 — In the classic magic trick, a magician asks a member of the audience to select a random card from a deck, and then seems to miraculously transport that card into a solid piece of ice or glass. Japanese researchers have performed their own version of...
UV/Blue Lasing Observed in Nanowires
Nov 1, 2002 — Building on earlier research that used near-field microscopy to capture lasing action of single ZnO nanowire arrays, scientists at the University of California, Berkeley, now have observed and characterized UV and blue laser action in single gallium...
Video Catches Bubbles in Waves
Nov 1, 2002 — Researchers at Scripps Institution of Oceanography at the University of California, San Diego, in La Jolla have employed high-speed imaging to quantify the formation of bubbles in breaking waves. A better understanding of the process, which affects...
X-ray Imaging Offers High Spatial Resolution
Nov 1, 2002 — Building on the fact that x-ray illumination excites electrons that generate photochromic effects, a large photoconductivity and a bulk photovoltaic current, a research team at the University of Bonn in Germany designed an x-ray imaging system with...
1-m Membrane Developed for Space Telescopes
Oct 1, 2002 — Improvements to higher-resolution optical systems for space deployment are dependent upon the development of lighter weight and less expensive primary mirrors. Researchers from the US Air Force Academy in Colorado and L'Garde Inc. in Tustin, Calif.,...
Acid-Developed Film Yields High Resolution
Oct 1, 2002 — Photographs created with silver-halide film soon may be as much a memory as the moments they captured. Researchers at Polaroid Corp. in Waltham, Mass., have developed film that can capture higher resolution images than traditional film and that can...
Actuator Demonstrated in Optical Switch
Oct 1, 2002 — An ideal microelectromechanical actuator would combine performance and economy. Researchers from the Electronics and Telecom Research Institute in Taejon, South Korea, have developed a laterally driven electromagnetic microactuator that may fit the...
Altimetry Reveals High Glacial Melting Rates
Oct 1, 2002 — After comparing geological survey data from the 1950s to the early '70s with recent airborne laser altimetry data, scientists at the University of Alaska Fairbanks have found that Alaskan glaciers may have made the largest single glaciological...
Blue Laser Diode Improves Fluorescence Imaging
Oct 1, 2002 — Researchers at London's Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine have developed a wide-field fluorescence lifetime imaging system that can simultaneously sample up to 36 wells on a multiwell plate. The technique, which employs a blue...
Diffractive Optics Target Mid-IR Imaging
Oct 1, 2002 — Advances in detector technology and improvements in signal processing electronics have led to reductions in the mass and volume of infrared imaging systems. But these dramatic changes had not been matched by an equivalent reduction in the size and...
Diode Lasers Image Terahertz Beam in 2-D
Oct 1, 2002 — Researchers at Columbia University in New York and NEC Research Institute in Princeton, N.J., have demonstrated two-dimensional terahertz imaging using two slightly detuned continuous-wave diode lasers that serve as the optical source for both...
Electron Wave Packets Steered by Light
Oct 1, 2002 — Austrian and German researchers have demonstrated that the speed of x-ray-generated photoelectron wave packets can be controlled by a strong laser field. They produced soft x-ray bursts several hundred attoseconds long by pumping neon gas with 7-fs,...
Encryption Protocol Sensitive to Eavesdroppers
Oct 1, 2002 — Researchers at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif., Los Alamos National Laboratory in New Mexico and the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign have demonstrated a six-state protocol that makes eavesdroppers on quantum encrypted...

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