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Research & Technology News

Tristable Nematic Liquid Crystals Formed
Jan 1, 2003 — Liquid crystal devices with molecules that adopt multiple stable orientations could someday help reduce power consumption of high-information-content displays. In line with this, researchers at Japan Science and Technology Corp. and the Japanese National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, both in Tsukuba, have engineered tristability into nematic liquid crystal devices. Using the stylus of an atomic force microscope to inscribe a microscopic pattern exhibiting hexagonal...
UV and Etching Treatment Improves Amorphous Silicon
Jan 1, 2003 — Illuminating hydrogenated amorphous silicon with ultraviolet radiation and etching it with a sodium-hydroxide solution reduces subsequent light-induced degradation of its photosensitivity, report researchers from the National Renewable Energy...
X-Ray Laser Funding Approved
Jan 1, 2003 — A group of researchers at Stanford Linear Accelerator Center in Menlo Park, Calif., are looking forward to seeing the world in a new light with the Linac Coherent Light Source. The x-ray free-electron laser is a step closer to reality with the...
Atomic Gas Is a Nearly Perfect Photon Counter
Dec 1, 2002 — Although proposed linear quantum computation schemes show promise, they are premised on photon counters with efficiencies greater than 99 percent -- beyond the reach of today's best devices. Ataç Imamoglu of the University of California, Santa...
Attosecond Spectroscopy Probes Atomic Cores
Dec 1, 2002 — It is possible to infer the lifetime of core holes by looking at the energy spectral width of the photons or electrons that are emitted following excitation of an atom, but until recently, physicists had been unable to observe the reorganization...
Cascaded Ferroelectrics Steer Light
Dec 1, 2002 — The ability to electro-optically modulate the refractive index in ferroelectric materials promises to enable the development of ultrafast switches and scanners, but heretofore the scanning angles they offer have been limited. Now researchers at...
CCDs Monitor Laser Damage
Dec 1, 2002 — At the University of California, Riverside, and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in Livermore, Calif., scientists have imaged in near-real time the damage to deuterated KDP caused by 68- to 80-J/cm2 pulses from a Q-switched Nd:YAG. They...
Conjugated Polymer Exhibits Phosphorescence
Dec 1, 2002 — Conjugated polymers are a class of materials that hold promise as a basis for electro-optical applications, but that promise has been blunted by the fact that electrical injection creates a substantial proportion of long-lived dark states. Now...
Crystal Shapes Optical Pulses
Dec 1, 2002 — Reporting in the Oct. 7 issue of Optics Express, a research team at Montana State University in Bozeman describes how it has shaped laser pulses using optical coherent transient processes in a Tm:YAG crystal. The technique has potential to enable...
Detection Method Measures Ultrasmall Volumes
Dec 1, 2002 — Refractive-index detection is commonly used in chemical and biochemical analysis to perform universal solute detection as well as temperature measurements in nanoliter volumes. Several approaches have been used to measure the change in refractive...
Dispersion-Compensation Techniques Compared
Dec 1, 2002 — Optical fiber research indicates that dispersion compensation along a 40-Gb/s terrestrial link can result from either periodic compensation at amplifier locations -- especially if prechirp is added at the beginning -- or from compensation functions...
Dual Lens Could Acquire, Display Images
Dec 1, 2002 — Meaningful communication, whether between people or machines, can sometimes be challenging. Before something like Dick Tracy's two-way wrist videophone can appear, the problems of both capturing and displaying images must be solved. Researchers at...
Femtosecond Laser Makes Color Images in Glass
Dec 1, 2002 — Researchers at Japan Science and Technology Corp. in Kyoto have demonstrated the space-selective precipitation of metal nanoparticles inside glass. The technique, which they described in the Oct. 14 issue of Applied Physics Letters, can be used to...
Femtosecond Laser Offers Solution for Dissolving Acid
Dec 1, 2002 — Dissolving acids in aqueous media is a fundamental process in many areas of chemistry. One process of interest is the acid ionization of hydrogen bromide in water. In the past, scientists believed that the minimum number of water molecules needed to...
Forming Fine Lines on a Curved Surface
Dec 1, 2002 — There are many ways to fabricate diffractive optical elements, including diamond milling, soft lithography, laser direct writing and thermally selective oxidation. Few methods, however, apply to concave or convex lenses, and the list thins further...
Freestanding Photoconductive Microswitches Formed
Dec 1, 2002 — GaAs thin films grown at 200 to 250 °C exhibit excellent resistivity and subpicosecond relaxation times of photogenerated carriers, making them attractive materials for ultrafast photodetectors. But practical integration of film structures into...
Laser Setup Approximates Quantum NOT Gate
Dec 1, 2002 — Contributing to the pursuit of an experimental quantum computer, researchers at Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza," Slovak Academy of Sciences in Bratislava and National University of Ireland in Maynooth have demonstrated an optical setup...
Liftoff Enables GaN on Silicon
Dec 1, 2002 — Researchers at the University of California, Berkeley, and Oriol Inc. in Santa Clara, Calif., are using an excimer laser to separate LED heterostructures from their sapphire growth substrate so that they subsequently may bond them to silicon. Using...
Light Manipulates Photon Tunneling
Dec 1, 2002 — Through photon tunneling, quantum physics allows for the transmission of light through apertures that classical physics would declare too small. The utility of this phenomenon has been limited because it is dependent on little more than geometry: A...
Microlens Arrays Shape LED Beam
Dec 1, 2002 — LEDs are not well-adapted for applications requiring uniform illumination, unless supplementary optics help to shape the beam. As a possible solution, researchers at Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering in Jena, Germany,...
Micromanipulation Forms Photonic Crystals
Dec 1, 2002 — Fabrication of 3-D photonic crystals typically has relied either on lithography or on self-assembly techniques, but that gap could be bridged by a method described in the Oct. 21 issue of Applied Physics Letters. Researchers at Riken Semiconductors...
Modulator Enables Nanowatt Reception
Dec 1, 2002 — Photonic microwave receivers have improved dramatically with the recent advent of higher-sensitivity electro-optic modulators. Now researchers from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory at California Institute of Technology in Pasadena have designed and...
Photoluminescence Characterizes AlN
Dec 1, 2002 — Researchers at Kansas State University in Manhattan have developed a means of characterizing the optical quality of AlN. The technique enables them to make semiconductor-quality AlN with the potential for fabricating deep-ultraviolet laser...
Photonic Crystal Laser Features Hexagonal Ring Resonator
Dec 1, 2002 — A team at Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology and at Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, both in Taejon, Korea, has demonstrated a photonic crystal laser with a hexagonal waveguide ring resonator. The photonic...
Photonic Crystal Laser Features Low-Threshold Pumping
Dec 1, 2002 — Working with a cavity originally designed for cavity quantum electrodynamic experiments and nanospectroscopy, scientists at California Institute of Technology and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, both in Pasadena, have observed lasing from photonic...

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