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Research & Technology News

Crystals Shape Terahertz Pulses
Mar 1, 2003 — Scientists at Oregon State University in Corvallis have experimentally and theoretically examined the pulse shaping of terahertz radiation by optical rectification in poled lithium niobate. They suggest that the technique, which they reported in the Jan. 13 issue of Applied Physics Letters, will find applications in terahertz spectroscopy. In the experiments, the researchers focused 100-fs pulses of 800-nm radiation from a Ti:sapphire oscillator into engineered stacks of poled LiNbO3 to...
Decohered Pairs Yield Entangled Photons
Mar 1, 2003 — Scientists at the Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Japan Science and Technology Corp. NTT Basic Research Laboratories in Japan have demonstrated that polarization-entangled photons suitable for applications such as quantum cryptography can...
Doped Glass Enables Tiny Bar Codes
Mar 1, 2003 — The ability to label chemicals, biological samples, explosives and currency with invisible ID tags would lead to numerous security and safety applications. Now scientists at Corning Inc. in Corning, N.Y., have built bar codes from microscopic slices...
Fiber Laser Produces 4.1 kW
Mar 1, 2003 — Fiber lasers are becoming competitive with traditional flashlamp- or diode-pumped solid-state lasers in applications such as remote sensing, medical surgery and materials processing. Researchers at the University of Manchester in the UK have...
GaN-Free LEDs Offer UV Emission
Mar 1, 2003 — Researchers at NTT Basic Research Laboratories and NEL TechnoSupport, both in Atsugi, Japan, have obtained 350-nm emission from a GaN-free, AlGaN single-quantum-well LED. They presented their work in the Jan. 6 issue of Applied Physics...
Integrating Cylinder Improves Smoke Detector
Mar 1, 2003 — At Gunma University in Kiryu, Japan, researchers have demonstrated that the use of an integrating cylinder as a light collector improves the sensitivity and linearity of optical smoke detectors. They reported their findings in the Jan. 1 issue of...
Journal Features Visible Phenomena
Mar 1, 2003 — The Jan. 20 issue of Applied Optics features a series of technical papers on atmospheric phenomena that are observable with the naked eye. The introductory article argues that many contemporary scientific endeavors are far removed from our everyday...
Kilowatt-Class Fiber Lasers Feasible
Mar 1, 2003 — Investigations with high-power ytterbium-doped and erbium/ytterbium-codoped fiber lasers at the University of Southampton and Southampton Photonics Inc. in the UK indicate that the lasers could offer output powers greater than 1 kW, enabling them to...
Laser Helps Produce and Power Microtools
Mar 1, 2003 — A team of scientists at Nagoya University in Japan has reported the fabrication of an optically driven microneedle and microtweezers that are suitable for use in aqueous environments. The team suggests that the microtools may find a place in such...
Liquid Enables Tunable Microlenses
Mar 1, 2003 — Microlenses play an important role in numerous photonic applications, including imaging, optical data storage and telecommunications. A liquid device developed at Lucent Technologies Inc.'s Bell Lab in Murray Hill, N.J., promises the ability to...
Monolithic Saturable Absorber Modulates Optical Signal
Mar 1, 2003 — Computers, cell phones and XBoxes are powered by the ability of electrons to control electrons. In the world of photonics, the challenge is to develop the ability of photons to control photons. Researchers at Tampere University of Technology in...
Nano-Islands Control Response Times
Mar 1, 2003 — By tailoring the distance between layers of optically inactive ErAs nano-islands in a semiconductor matrix, researchers at Max Planck Institut für Festkörperforschung in Stuttgart, Germany, and at the University of California, Santa Barbara, have...
Nanoholes Improve Single-Molecule Analysis
Mar 1, 2003 — Researchers at Cornell University in Ithaca, N.Y., have developed a nanostructured sample holder that enables the analysis of single molecules at realistic concentrations. The device, which features arrays of tiny holes in a metal film, has...
Nanowires Form Electrically Driven Laser
Mar 1, 2003 — A team of scientists at Harvard University in Cambridge, Mass., has developed an electrically driven laser based on freestanding semiconductor nanowires. The laser is relatively inexpensive to produce and has the flexibility to be integrated with...
Optimal Pulse Control Deciphered
Mar 1, 2003 — Ultrafast laser pulses can control reactive pathways in chemicals. In a proposed strategy known as adaptive optimal laser pulse control, an algorithm iteratively determines the combination of laser parameters that will best be able to achieve the...
Qubits Teleported over 2 km of Fiber
Mar 1, 2003 — A team of researchers at the University of Geneva has teleported quantum states carried on 1.3-µm photons onto 1.55-µm photons over 2 km of standard dispersion-shifted optical fiber. The experiment, which was described in the Jan. 30 issue of...
Single-Active-Layer Organic LED Yields 16,000 cd/m2
Mar 1, 2003 — By incorporating a 6-nm-thick layer of Teflon, a single-active-layer organic LED fabricated at Tsinghua University in Beijing displays a brightness of 16,000 cd/m2 and a luminous efficiency of 0.85 lm/W. The university researchers suggest that the...
Terahertz Beam Shaping Is Demonstrated
Mar 1, 2003 — The region of the spectrum between long-wave infrared and microwaves promises significant applications in structural imaging, telecommunications and molecular spectroscopy. Detectors and sources of terahertz radiation do not yet approach the...
Tunneling Electrons Stimulate Individual Molecules
Mar 1, 2003 — Using a scanning tunneling microscope, a research team at the University of California, Irvine, has induced photoemission in individual porphyrin molecules on an aluminum oxide film, yielding fluorescence patterns that depend on the molecular...
Two-Color Cooling Proposed for Fermions
Mar 1, 2003 — Carlo Presilla and Roberto Onofrio of the Instituto Nazionale per la Fisica della Materia in Rome propose that the use of a bichromatic optical dipole trap will enable the realization of a deep Fermi degeneracy regime in a mixture of bosonic and...
Adaptive Optics Systems Compared
Feb 1, 2003 — Increasing demands in military observation and intelligence are accelerating research in the field of adaptive optics. Researchers from Kirtland Air Force Base in New Mexico have compared the performance of adaptive optics systems employing an...
Ce:LiCAF Offers 98-mJ, 3-ns UV Pulses
Feb 1, 2003 — A team in Japan has generated 3-ns, 98-mJ pulses of 290-nm radiation with a 1 x 2 x 2-cm Ce:LiCAF power amplifier module. The researchers, from the Institute for Molecular Science in Okazaki, Tokin Corp. in Kumagaya and Tohoku University in Sendai,...
Cesium Condensate Reported
Feb 1, 2003 — Researchers at Universität Innsbruck in Austria have created the first Bose-Einstein condensate of cesium using optical cooling and trapping techniques. They reported their achievement in the Dec. 5 issue of Sciencexpress. To produce the...
Experiment, Theory Expose Light through Slits
Feb 1, 2003 — Using near-field scanning optical microscopy and finite difference time-domain modeling, scientists at Academia Sinica in Taipei, Taiwan, have investigated the propagation of light through a slit. Their findings confirm that the transmittance of...
Fiber Laser Shows Promise for Metrology
Feb 1, 2003 — Scientists at JILA, a collaboration of the University of Colorado and the National Institute of Standards and Technology, all in Boulder, have demonstrated that near-IR erbium-doped fiber lasers can produce well-defined frequency combs for use in...

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