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Research & Technology News

Fiber Sensors Probe Engine
Apr 1, 2003 — As carmakers try to reduce the harmful emissions from gasoline-powered engines, efforts focus on controlling engine performance using data from sensors. A team from Texas A&M University in College Station and Fiber Dynamics Inc. in Bryan, Texas, has integrated a fiber optic sensor and a spark plug to provide in-cylinder pressure information. The researchers demonstrated sensitivities as high as 0.00339 rad/psi using the intrinsic fiber Fabry-Perot interferometer, as described in the Feb....
Filter Enables 23-Channel Laser
Apr 1, 2003 — Transmitters for dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) consist of banks of lasers, with one laser for each channel. It would be nice if a single laser could produce a comb of frequencies exactly aligned with the channels. Researchers at Bell...
Force Networks Examined with Photoelastic Imaging
Apr 1, 2003 — How fast granular materials flow is related to how elastic energy in the materials is stored and released. Researchers at Duke University in Durham, N.C., have used a polariscope, a light source and a video camera to examine the movement of...
Freon Improves Laser-Ablation Spectrometry
Apr 1, 2003 — To reduce the incidence of elemental fractionation and improve the accuracy of laser ablation induction-coupled plasma mass spectrometry for the isotopic analysis of geological samples, Takafumi Hirata of Tokyo Institute of Technology suggests the...
Gratings Offer New Breed of Tunable Laser
Apr 1, 2003 — Researchers worldwide are pursuing several approaches to building tunable lasers that will enable future telecom systems to be quickly reconfigured for maximum transmission efficiency. Some approaches involve changing the feedback frequency of the...
Heat Treatment Produces Fiber for Sensors
Apr 1, 2003 — In pursuit of a more economical fiber for evanescent field sensors, researchers in Australia have determined that annealing standard commercial telecommunication fiber yields a suitable refractive-index profile for such applications. The...
Laser Produces T-Ray Diffractive Elements
Apr 1, 2003 — To ease the integration of components for terahertz spectroscopy and signal processing, a team at Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge has fabricated integrated diffractive elements in LiNbO3 using femtosecond pulses from an amplified...
Molecular Self-Assembly Yields Giant Lattice
Apr 1, 2003 — A group of researchers at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia and the University of Sheffield in the UK has fabricated a liquid crystal lattice that is one of the most complex structures ever produced through molecular self-assembly. The...
Near-Field Raman Offers 25-nm Resolution
Apr 1, 2003 — Researchers at the University of Rochester in New York, Portland State University in Oregon and Harvard University in Cambridge, Mass., have reported a spatial resolution of 25 nm in their study of the near-field Raman imaging of single-walled...
Planar Laser Shows Promise
Apr 1, 2003 — A team of scientists at the University of Southampton in the UK has presented its findings on a diode-pumped Nd:YAG laser fabricated as a planar waveguide. The laser offers advantages in terms of efficiency and a low lasing threshold that suggest...
Porous Silicon Emits Blue Light
Apr 1, 2003 — Researchers at the University of Science and Technology of China in Hefei report strong emission around 435 nm from porous silicon, which could facilitate the integration of silicon LEDs and electronics on one chip. To build the sample, they etched...
Raman Spectroscopy Probes Silicones
Apr 1, 2003 — To better understand the properties of the ubiquitous silicone polymers, scientists from the University of East Anglia in Norwich, UK, Dow Corning in Seneffe, Belgium, and Rutherford Appleton Laboratory in Didcot, UK, have investigated...
RGB Interferometer Measures Diffractive Optical Elements
Apr 1, 2003 — While white-light interferometry may be a standard tool for measurement of discontinuous profiles, it requires significant data collection and evaluation. Researchers at the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg in Germany offer a solution involving...
Root-Side Monitoring Controls Welding
Apr 1, 2003 — Researchers at Technical University of Denmark in Lyngby have demonstrated a closed-loop control system for laser welding that maintains even seam widths for materials at variable welding speeds. The technique also can compensate for materials of...
Ruby Crystal Slows Light at Room Temperature
Apr 1, 2003 — Over the past few years, researchers such as Lene Vestergaard Hau of Harvard University in Cambridge, Mass., have reported fantastic experiments in which they slow light to a crawl --and even stop it temporarily -- in ultracold clouds of atoms. Now...
Soft Lithography Enables Gray-Scale Process
Apr 1, 2003 — As might be expected of the workhorse of digital circuit production, traditional photolithography is an either-or process. A line is formed where the exposing radiation shines through the mask, or there is a space where it is blocked by chrome. All...
Terahertz Quantum-Cascade Laser Is Created
Apr 1, 2003 — Although the terahertz frequency range has long remained undeveloped because of a lack of compact coherent radiation sources, this may soon change. Researchers at Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge have developed a 3.4-THz...
Tweezers Employ Three Forces
Apr 1, 2003 — Using a Michelson interferometer in a double-hologram setup, researchers at Nanyang Technological University in Singapore have demonstrated a new type of optical tweezers based on the interference of Laguerre-Gaussian beams. The system, which is...
UV-Induced Cross-Linking Yields Organic LEDs
Apr 1, 2003 — Scientists from Universität München and Technische Universität München in Munich, and Covion Organic Semiconductors GmbH in Frankfurt, all in Germany, have devised a technique for the production of organic polymer LEDs that promises to be faster and...
Wafer Processing Yields High Q Microcavities
Apr 1, 2003 — Microcavities require atomically smooth surfaces to obtain ultrahigh Q factors, but until recently such surfaces have been demonstrated only in structures such as droplets or microspheres. Researchers at California Institute of Technology in...
'Spaser' Shakes Up the Nanoworld
Mar 1, 2003 — Researchers at Georgia State University in Atlanta and Tel Aviv University in Israel have proposed a device based on surface plasmons to shake things up in very small systems. In a manner analogous to the way a laser operates, the "spaser" (surface...
AlN/Diamond Heterostructures Grown
Mar 1, 2003 — Using plasma-induced molecular beam epitaxy, a team at Technische Universität München in Garching, Germany, has grown N-type AlN on P-type diamond to form a heterojunction diode. The device, which was described in the Jan. 13 issue of Applied...
Cerenkov Radiation Modeled in Photonic Crystals
Mar 1, 2003 — Researchers at Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge have simulated the emission of Cerenkov radiation by a moving charged particle in a two-dimensional photonic crystal. Based on their findings, which appear in the Jan. 17 issue of...
Chaotic Communication Tolerates Turbulence
Mar 1, 2003 — In an experimental analysis of a free-space optical communications system, researchers at the University of California, San Diego, and the Army Research Laboratory in Adelphi, Md., have determined that chaotic pulse position modulation enables...
Code System Employs Laser Pulses
Mar 1, 2003 — A team of researchers at Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) in Orsay, France, and at Université Libre de Bruxelles in Brussels, Belgium, has demonstrated a quantum cryptography system that encodes its information on the electric...

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