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(9,094 items)
Research & Technology News
Detection Method Measures Ultrasmall Volumes
Dec 1, 2002 — Refractive-index detection is commonly used in chemical and biochemical analysis to perform universal solute detection as well as temperature measurements in nanoliter volumes. Several approaches have been used to measure the change in refractive index in small volumes, but the probe volume is extremely large for nanoliter applications. In response to this challenge, researchers at Texas Tech University in Lubbock have developed a universal refractive-index detector based on backscatter...
Dispersion-Compensation Techniques Compared
Dec 1, 2002 — Optical fiber research indicates that dispersion compensation along a 40-Gb/s terrestrial link can result from either periodic compensation at amplifier locations -- especially if prechirp is added at the beginning -- or from compensation functions...
Dual Lens Could Acquire, Display Images
Dec 1, 2002 — Meaningful communication, whether between people or machines, can sometimes be challenging. Before something like Dick Tracy's two-way wrist videophone can appear, the problems of both capturing and displaying images must be solved. Researchers at...
Femtosecond Laser Makes Color Images in Glass
Dec 1, 2002 — Researchers at Japan Science and Technology Corp. in Kyoto have demonstrated the space-selective precipitation of metal nanoparticles inside glass. The technique, which they described in the Oct. 14 issue of Applied Physics Letters, can be used to...
Femtosecond Laser Offers Solution for Dissolving Acid
Dec 1, 2002 — Dissolving acids in aqueous media is a fundamental process in many areas of chemistry. One process of interest is the acid ionization of hydrogen bromide in water. In the past, scientists believed that the minimum number of water molecules needed to...
Forming Fine Lines on a Curved Surface
Dec 1, 2002 — There are many ways to fabricate diffractive optical elements, including diamond milling, soft lithography, laser direct writing and thermally selective oxidation. Few methods, however, apply to concave or convex lenses, and the list thins further...
Freestanding Photoconductive Microswitches Formed
Dec 1, 2002 — GaAs thin films grown at 200 to 250 °C exhibit excellent resistivity and subpicosecond relaxation times of photogenerated carriers, making them attractive materials for ultrafast photodetectors. But practical integration of film structures into...
Laser Setup Approximates Quantum NOT Gate
Dec 1, 2002 — Contributing to the pursuit of an experimental quantum computer, researchers at Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza," Slovak Academy of Sciences in Bratislava and National University of Ireland in Maynooth have demonstrated an optical setup...
Liftoff Enables GaN on Silicon
Dec 1, 2002 — Researchers at the University of California, Berkeley, and Oriol Inc. in Santa Clara, Calif., are using an excimer laser to separate LED heterostructures from their sapphire growth substrate so that they subsequently may bond them to silicon. Using...
Light Manipulates Photon Tunneling
Dec 1, 2002 — Through photon tunneling, quantum physics allows for the transmission of light through apertures that classical physics would declare too small. The utility of this phenomenon has been limited because it is dependent on little more than geometry: A...
Microlens Arrays Shape LED Beam
Dec 1, 2002 — LEDs are not well-adapted for applications requiring uniform illumination, unless supplementary optics help to shape the beam. As a possible solution, researchers at Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering in Jena, Germany,...
Micromanipulation Forms Photonic Crystals
Dec 1, 2002 — Fabrication of 3-D photonic crystals typically has relied either on lithography or on self-assembly techniques, but that gap could be bridged by a method described in the Oct. 21 issue of Applied Physics Letters. Researchers at Riken Semiconductors...
Modulator Enables Nanowatt Reception
Dec 1, 2002 — Photonic microwave receivers have improved dramatically with the recent advent of higher-sensitivity electro-optic modulators. Now researchers from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory at California Institute of Technology in Pasadena have designed and...
Photoluminescence Characterizes AlN
Dec 1, 2002 — Researchers at Kansas State University in Manhattan have developed a means of characterizing the optical quality of AlN. The technique enables them to make semiconductor-quality AlN with the potential for fabricating deep-ultraviolet laser...
Photonic Crystal Laser Features Hexagonal Ring Resonator
Dec 1, 2002 — A team at Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology and at Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, both in Taejon, Korea, has demonstrated a photonic crystal laser with a hexagonal waveguide ring resonator. The photonic...
Photonic Crystal Laser Features Low-Threshold Pumping
Dec 1, 2002 — Working with a cavity originally designed for cavity quantum electrodynamic experiments and nanospectroscopy, scientists at California Institute of Technology and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, both in Pasadena, have observed lasing from photonic...
Planar Device Boosts Gratings-Based WDM Performance
Dec 1, 2002 — Gratings-based wavelength-division multiplexers (WDMs) are simpler to fabricate but generally have lagged behind thin-film filters in performance. However, a compact planar device developed by physicists at Weizmann Institute of Science in Rehovot,...
Plastic Substrates Make Flexible Displays
Dec 1, 2002 — With organic light-emitting diode technology, not only are displays crisp, but their useful life could reach tens of thousands of hours. One drawback is that most are built on glass substrates, limiting their flexibility. Plastic substrates seem...
Quantum-Cascade Lasers Pass Detection Test
Dec 1, 2002 — Research exploring directly modulated quantum-cascade lasers as telecommunications detectors generally has used HgCdTe materials, but intersubband devices and intracavity modulators also show potential for high-speed detection. Accordingly,...
Spectroscopy Poised to Seek Terror Agents
Dec 1, 2002 — In the post-9/11 world, an envelope may hide disease and a shoe may conceal explosives. Detecting these threats is time-consuming and labor-intensive. According to scientists at the US Army Research Laboratory at Aberdeen Proving Ground in Maryland,...
Spectroscopy Quantifies Strain and Defects in Diodes
Dec 1, 2002 — As high-power laser diodes continue to make advances in various photonic applications, it is all the more important to understand the phenomena that can lead to lower outputs and lifetimes. A team at Max Born Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und...
Superlattice Reflectors Boost VCSEL Performance
Dec 1, 2002 — A superlattice design for distributed Bragg reflectors in vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) simultaneously offers high reflectivity and low series resistance. The low cost and high yield associated with the semiconductor superlattice...
TIR Switch Exploits Polyimide Attribute
Dec 1, 2002 — The refractive index of polyimide decreases as its temperature increases. Researchers at the University of Texas in Austin harnessed this polymeric attribute to develop a total- internal-reflection (TIR) waveguide switch with an X junction. A heater...
Transmission Through Holes Investigated
Dec 1, 2002 — Counterintuitively, shining light through an array of subwavelength-diameter holes can increase the transmission efficiency by orders of magnitude over that predicted by simple diffraction theory. Scientists at Seoul National University, Max Born...
Tunable Filter Improves Multispectral Imaging
Dec 1, 2002 — Multispectral image acquisition promises to overcome such limitations of three-channel image capture as its dependency on consistent illumination. Researchers from École Nationale Supérieure des Télécommunications in Paris implemented a...
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