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Research & Technology News

All-Optical Amplifiers Enable 20,000-km Link
Apr 1, 2004 — Tackling two fundamental problems at the same time, scientists at Kailight Photonics Ltd. in Rehovot, Israel, and Bell Labs in Holmdel, N.J., have developed an all-optical wavelength converter that also amplifies, reshapes and retimes the pulses in a fiber optic telecom link. The device was described in a technical paper at the Optical Fiber Conference (OFC) in Los Angeles on Feb. 26, and the company displayed it on the exhibition floor. Most fiber optic telecom systems depend upon...
Fiber Laser Produces 2.5 W in the 3-µm Region
Apr 1, 2004 — Lasers that operate in the 3-µm region of the mid-infrared have many applications in remote sensing, spectroscopy, medicine and military countermeasures, and fiber lasers seem likely candidates to provide high powers in this spectral range. The...
InGaN Laser Diodes Are Grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy
Apr 1, 2004 — Researchers at Sharp Laboratories of Europe Ltd. in Oxford, UK, have reported the successful fabrication of blue-violet InGaN laser diodes using molecular beam epitaxy. Currently, these emitters are grown using metallorganic chemical vapor...
Mirror Enhances Diode Laser Bar's Beam
Apr 1, 2004 — The diode laser bar, which consists of multiple diode lasers on a single substrate, is the workhorse of semiconductor lasers. Commercial units with outputs of 100 W and higher are on the market, and laboratory devices have demonstrated outputs of...
Photonic Bandgap Fiber Eyed for Telecommunications
Apr 1, 2004 — Researchers at BlazePhotonics Ltd. and at the University of Bath, both in Bath, UK, have fabricated a new low-loss photonic bandgap fiber. Its attenuation of 1.72 dB/km represents a significant improvement over the lowest loss previously reported...
Spectroscopy Detects, Counts Toxic Molecules
Apr 1, 2004 — A team at the National Institute of Standards and Technology in Gaithersburg, Md., Eindhoven University of Technology in the Netherlands and the University of Maryland in College Park has demonstrated that a variant of cavity ringdown spectroscopy...
Study Probes High-Temp Superconductivity
Apr 1, 2004 — The results of infrared spectroscopy experiments with a bismuth-containing copper oxide known as Bi-2212 suggest that high-temperature superconductivity in such materials originates from a magnetic effect, not from the action of phonons. The work,...
Tiny Measurements Present Big Challenges
Apr 1, 2004 — In semiconductor manufacturing, photonics is used not only for imaging circuit layers, but also for measuring the size and location of patterned features. The question is, will photonic techniques be able to handle those metrology needs as feature...
Tunable Distributed Bragg Reflector Lasers Introduced at OFC
Apr 1, 2004 — Two vendors introduced similar, widely tunable, monolithic lasers at the Optical Fiber Conference (OFC) held in Los Angeles from Feb. 23 to 27, and the companies' scientists presented papers describing the lasers at the conference's technical...
Amplifier Boosts Efficiency of Microlaser
Mar 1, 2004 — Miniature, longitudinally pumped, Q-switched solid-state lasers have relatively low efficiency, in part because much of the diode pump light passes through the laser chip without being absorbed. Recently, scientists at Massachusetts Institute of...
Ince-Gaussian Beams Find the Middle Ground
Mar 1, 2004 — When optical engineers talk about laser modes, they're referring to the distinct spatial patterns of electric-field intensity within a resonator. These patterns are individual solutions to the paraxial wave equation subject to boundary conditions...
Nd:LuVO4 Laser Pumped
Mar 1, 2004 — The vanadate crystals YVO4 and GdVO4 have been very successful hosts for diode-pumped rare-earth-ion lasers because their stimulated-emission and absorption cross sections are significantly higher than other hosts, such as YAG. Now a collaboration...
Photonics Detects Elusive Ozone Destroyer
Mar 1, 2004 — A team of researchers from Harvard University in Cambridge, Mass., and from NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif., has employed ultraviolet resonance fluorescence to identify an ozone-destroying molecule in the stratosphere for the...
Photothermal Analyzer Detects Fuel Adulteration
Mar 1, 2004 — The adulteration of gasoline with cheap industrial solvents or with aromatic or light hydrocarbons is a common practice in many developing countries as retailers attempt to stretch their stocks. In some cases, the practice has little or no effect...
Waveguides Force Diode Laser into Single Mode
Mar 1, 2004 — Semiconductor lasers oscillating in a single, fundamental lateral mode produce a better-quality beam than multimode lasers, but single-mode oscillation is difficult to obtain. One approach has been to fabricate a waveguide into the semiconductor...
CW Parametric Oscillator Is Powerful Spectroscopic Tool
Feb 1, 2004 — A joint effort by researchers at the University of Nijmegen in the Netherlands and at Sandia National Laboratories' Combustion Research Center in Livermore, Calif., has resulted in a continuous-wave optical parametric oscillator (OPO) whose high...
Er-Doped Fiber Amplifier Provides Dynamic Control in C- and L-Bands
Feb 1, 2004 — Cramming an ever-increasing amount of information through existing optical fibers enhances the value of those fibers and eliminates the need to install expensive new cables. Engineers and scientists around the world have explored several ways to...
Nanocrystals in Glass May Be Suitable for LEDs
Feb 1, 2004 — Researchers at the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology in Ikeda, Japan, have developed a sol-gel fabrication technique that enables them to embed semiconductor nanocrystals in a glass matrix. The resulting material...
Nonlinear Crystal Generates 5 W of CW Deep-UV
Feb 1, 2004 — The tight lock that excimer lasers had enjoyed for many years on the market for high-power ultraviolet sources has been loosened somewhat in the past several years by the advent of enhanced nonlinear optics that can convert the output of solid-state...
Quantum Dots Break 'Artificial Atom' Model
Feb 1, 2004 — A worldwide collaboration of scientists investigating the electronic states of quantum dots by the photons they emit has determined that the conception of the dots as "artificial atoms" is incomplete. The group included researchers from Ludwig...
Research into Condensates Continues
Feb 1, 2004 — It has been nearly a decade since the first experiments were reported on Bose-Einstein condensates in ultracold atoms, and research into this and related phenomena continues to be fruitful. As the work advances, scientists worldwide are...
Single-Crystal Nd:YVO4 Fiber Exhibits Good Laser Parameters
Feb 1, 2004 — Neodymium-doped vanadates have proved very successful materials for miniature diode-pumped lasers because of their high optical absorption at the 808-nm diode wavelength and their high cross section for stimulated emission at 1064 and 1342 nm....
Three-Dimensional Process Sculpts Waveguides in Silicon
Feb 1, 2004 — Researchers at the University of California, Los Angeles, have reported a technique that is based on the separation by implantation of oxygen process that enables the three-dimensional fabrication of waveguide and microcavity structures in silicon....
Transistor Emits Infrared Radiation
Feb 1, 2004 — A research team at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign has developed a transistor that emits infrared radiation and offers standard electrical output. The device, which produces modulated optical emission in phase with a base current at 1...
White LEDs to Appear in Audi Headlights
Feb 1, 2004 — Audi AG of Ingolstadt, Germany, will feature Luxeon white LEDs from Lumileds Lighting LLC of San Jose, Calif., in the headlights of its new luxury sedan, the 450-horsepower, 12-cylinder A8 L 6.0 quattro. The automobile manufacturer notes that using...

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