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Low-noise oscillator improves microwave signal stability
GAITHERSBURG, Md. – A new low-noise oscillator generates microwave signals more pure and stable than those from conventional electronic sources. The instrument could improve signal stability and resolution in radar, communications and navigation systems, and in certain types of atomic clocks. Created by physicists at the National Institute of Standards and Technology, the device is a new application of optical frequency combs – tools based on ultrafast lasers for precisely measuring optical frequencies...
Microspectrometer could solve lab-on-a-chip integration challenge
ATLANTA – To replace big, bulky, high-resolution spectrometers, scientists have developed a microspectrometer that uses resonators shaped like a compact disc to achieve high resolution. Spectrometers have conventionally been expensive, bulky benchtop...
Model IDs optimal paths in fiber optic networks
RALEIGH, N.C. – Fiber optic network designers must find the most efficient way to connect distant phones and computers – a costly and time-consuming process. But researchers at North Carolina State University have a model that they say finds optimal...
New facility delivers microsystem technology
DUISBURG, Germany – A new method that employs precise etching to produce miniaturized thermal imaging sensors promises to enable large-scale manufacturing of automotive safety devices. Because they see more than the naked eye, infrared cameras could improve...
One-atom-thick optical devices proposed
PHILADELPHIA – One-atom-thick metamaterials that can now be made by controlling the conductivity of sheets of graphene could have wide applications in imaging, signal processing and telecommunications. The study of metamaterials is based on the idea that...
Revealed: The private lives of electrons
PRINCETON, N.J. – Using laser light, scientists have looked into the complex relationship that develops between a single electron and its environment, known as a Kondo state. The break-through could aid the development of quantum computers. Scientists at Princeton...
Robot-human interactions improve with facial recognition
LONDON – Scientists studying facial expressions are investigating a way to create socially aware companion robots and graphical characters that could recognize human facial movements. Our brains pick up tiny, subtle clues about faces whenever we...
Spectrometer-on-a-chip shows young universe
GREENBELT, Md. – NASA scientists hoping to get a glimpse of the universe in its youth may finally do so using a revolutionary instrument on a chip called MicroSpec. Scientists know what the universe looked like when it was a baby and how it looks today, but...
Stressed sensor self-heals
RALEIGH, N.C. – A new fiber optic strain sensor can heal itself, which will help engineers collect data in the wake of earthquakes, explosions or other unexpected events and make informed decisions about structural safety. Strain sensors measure the force...
Supercarbon: “Denser than diamond”
STONY BROOK, N.Y. – Three newly discovered carbon structures may be at least three percent denser, more brilliant and better able to handle pressure than diamond can. Newly discovered modifications of carbon, such as graphene, have resulted in a scientific and...
Ultrafast lasers control metallic electrons
GARCHING, Germany – A technique that controls the motion of electrons using very fast laser pulses, first demonstrated using gaseous atoms or molecules, has been shown for the first time to work for electrons emitted from a solid metal tip. The results could allow...
Vision analysis estimates crop yields earlier
ADELAIDE, Australia – To predict how plants will react to the harsher environmental conditions expected under climate change, computer scientists at the University of Adelaide have developed an image-based analysis method for use by plant physiologists to determine crop...
Hard X-ray Technique Sees Below the Surface
BERKELEY, Calif., Aug. 31, 2011 — A new technique called HARPES (Hard x-ray Angle-resolved PhotoEmission Spectroscopy) can study electronic structures deep below the material surface, including buried layers and interfaces in nanoscale devices. Developed by Lawrence Berkeley...
Portable Microscope Uses Holograms Instead of Lenses
LOS ANGELES, Aug. 31, 2011 — A compact, lightweight, dual-mode microscope that uses holograms instead of lenses could prove to be a boon for global health initiatives. The palm-size device, developed at UCLA, costs only $50 to $100 to make. It features a transmission mode...
New LIGO Executive Director Named
PASADENA, Calif., Aug. 30, 2011 — David Reitze has been named executive director of the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO). A professor of physics at the University of Florida, Gainesville, and a visiting associate at Caltech since 2007, Reitze will...
New Process Paves Way for Affordable PV
DRESDEN, Germany, Aug. 30, 2011 — Thin-film solar cells consist of several layers, with each having a different function. The light-absorbing layer is in the center, encapsulation layers on the outer sides protect the solar cell against environmental influences, and contact layers...
Octave-Spanning Optical Ruler Is Precisely Tunable
GARCHING, Germany, Aug. 30, 2011 — Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics (MPQ) scientists succeeded in generating optical frequency combs using chip-based quartz glass toroids with diameters on the micrometer scale. Taking it a step further, they have now created microresonators...
A SLIM Chance for Measuring Cell Growth
CHAMPAIGN, Ill., Aug. 29, 2011 — A new imaging method that can measure cell mass using two beams of light — called spatial light interference microscopy (SLIM) — offers new insights into whether cells grow at a constant rate or exponentially. SLIM is extremely...
Spiraling Light Boosts Telecom Channels
NEW YORK, Aug. 29, 2011 — Physicists have mapped spiraling light that could help to harness untapped data channels in optical fibers, which could increase bandwidth and ease the burden on fiber optic telecommunications networks. “Being able to follow polarization and...
Infrared Cameras Keep an Eye on Active Volcanoes
CATANIA, Italy, Aug. 26, 2011 — An infrared camera is just the tool to survey the biggest and most impressive hot spots on earth: volcanoes. In Italy, home to at least two of the world’s most active volcanoes, the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)...
NASA Pursues Photonics Technology for Space Demos
WASHINGTON, Aug. 26, 2011 — NASA has selected three technology demonstration missions that it says will transform its space communications, deep-space navigation and in-space propulsion capabilities. The three projects include a solar sail, a deep-space atomic clock and a...
‘Photon Loop’ Sidesteps Defects in Delay Devices
GAITHERSBURG, Md., Aug. 25, 2011 — The dawn of optical fibers a few decades ago made it possible for independent phone conversations to travel long distances across town and even across the ocean along a single glass cable with little interference. So why then, years later, is it so...
How Nanowires Got Their Groove Back
REHOVOT, Israel, Aug. 25, 2011 — As nanowires grow vertically, they can become unruly and lose their full potential as effective semiconductors. Now, a team from Weizmann Institute of Science has found a way to grow semiconducting nanowires out, not up, on a surface, producing...
3-D Medical Imaging Systems Market to Grow
ROCKVILLE, Md., Aug. 24, 2011 — The global 3-D medical imaging market is expected to grow at a compound annual rate of 8.8 percent from now until 2014, according to MarketResearch.com, a provider of market-intelligence products and services. The company has issued a new...
Laser Balloon Calms Racing Heart
LONDON, Aug. 24, 2011 — Doctors at The Heart Hospital in London have successfully treated a heart rhythm disorder called atrial fibrillation with a new “laser balloon” technique. The procedure inflates a balloon inside the heart, which creates a blood-free zone...

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