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Research & Technology News

‘Mosaic of Atoms’ Discoverer Wins Chemistry Nobel
HAIFA, Israel, Oct. 12, 2011 — The Nobel Prize in chemistry 2011 has been awarded to Daniel Shechtman of Technion, Israel Institute of Technology for the discovery of quasicrystals (quasiperiodic crystals). Scientists are currently experimenting with using quasicrystals in various products, including LEDs. Shechtman first discovered quasicrystals, which have regular patterns that never repeat themselves, in 1982. He then fought a battle against established science to defend his findings because the configuration...
All-Optical Signal Processor Meets Increasing Network Demands
SOUTHAMPTON, England, Oct. 12, 2011 — A new all-optical signal processing device to meet the demands of high-capacity optical networks and with a wide range of applications, including ultrafast optical measurement and sensing, has been developed at the University of Southampton. ...
Crab Pulsar Dazzles Astronomers with Bright Gamma Rays
NEWARK, Del., Oct. 12, 2011 — About 1000 years ago, a star in the constellation Taurus exploded, astonishing observers from Arabia to North America to China, who watched the slow detonation even in daylight. The remaining heart of that star, now know as the Crab Pulsar,...
Object Cooled to Quantum Ground State with Laser Light
PASADENA, Calif., Oct. 12, 2011 — California Institute of Technology (Caltech) researchers, in collaboration with a team from the University of Vienna, have cooled a miniature mechanical object to its lowest possible energy state — its quantum ground state — using laser...
Topological Properties Protect Quantum Memory, Computing
INNSBRUCK, Austria, Oct. 12, 2011 — Theoretical physicists have formulated a new concept for engineering so-called topological states of matter in quantum mechanical many-body systems. They linked concepts of quantum optics and condensed matter physics that eventually could lead to a...
Silicon Ink Is Useful in Solar Cells
SUNNYVALE, Calif., Oct. 11, 2011 — A special ink that can suspend silicon nanoparticles evenly in a solution is proving useful in solar cell production. The silicon ink can lay down precise microns-thick lines that are needed to dope the silicon emitter exactly under the front metal...
Visible Spectrum Eyed for Communications
EDINBURGH, Scotland, Oct. 11, 2011 — At the University of Edinburgh, Harald Haas and his team specialize in finding innovative solutions to mobile communication challenges. Visible light communication may expand our window on the world, they said. Using the visible light spectrum...
Old Hubble Data Reveals New Planets
BALTIMORE, Oct. 7, 2011 — A new analysis of data acquired by the Hubble Space Telescope in 1998 has unveiled evidence of two extrasolar planets that had gone undetected 13 years ago, but had since been found by sophisticated new ground telescopes. The modern work, achieved...
White Light Suppresses Melatonin More
HAIFA, Israel, Oct. 7, 2011 — A new international study reveals that the light from white LED bulbs suppresses melatonin five times more than exposure to the light of the more commonly used high-pressure sodium (HPS) bulbs, which give off an orange-yellow light. Melatonin is a...
NIH Grants $12.5M for Optogenetics, Imaging, Tumor Detection
PHILADELPHIA, Oct. 6, 2011 — Three labs at the University of Pennsylvania have received $12.5 million from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to pursue light-driven ideas expected to advance medical research. These awards are granted under the NIH’s Pioneer,...
Superbright Gamma Rays Shine New Light on Medical Imaging
GLASGOW, Scotland, Oct. 6, 2011 — The brightest gamma-ray beam ever produced — more than a quadrillion (thousand billion) times more brilliant than the sun — could open up new possibilities for medicine. Physicists have discovered that ultrashort-duration laser...
Expanding Universe Work Earns Trio a Physics Nobel
STOCKHOLM, Oct. 5, 2011 — Competing American astronomers who studied dozens of distant exploding stars, and in the process discovered that the universe is expanding at an ever-accelerating rate, will share the $1.5 million Nobel Prize in Physics for 2011, the Royal Swedish...
Nanowires to Enable Photonic Chip Creation
SWINBURNE, Australia, Oct. 5, 2011 — Using an optimized laser nanofabrication technique, researchers have engineered one of the smallest nanowires made from the optical material chalcogenide glass. The nanowires could lead to the creation of a photonic chip — considered by many...
Redefining the Kilogram and Ampere with Graphene
TEDDINGTON, England, Oct. 5, 2011 — Groundbreaking research by the National Physical Laboratory's (NPL) Quantum Detection Group and an international team is underpinning the biggest change in the Système Internationale d'unités (SI Units) since the system began 50 years...
Accurate Reading Taken from Mini-Quantum Computer
UTRECHT, Netherlands, Oct. 4, 2011 — Scientists have taken an accurate readout from a mini-quantum computer comprising four quantum bits on a chip of diamond. The advance marks a step toward quantum computing and makes it possible to test quantum algorithms, such as teleportation, on a...
ALMA Opens Its Eyes to First Light
GARCHING, Germany, Oct. 4, 2011 — The Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), the most powerful telescope of its kind in the world, has revealed its first image. About one-third of ALMA's eventual 66 radio antennas, with separations up to only 125 m rather than...
Butterfly Inspires Banknote Authentication Tech
VANCOUVER, British Columbia, Canada, Oct. 4, 2011 — Inspired by the wings of the morpho butterfly, Nanotech Security Corp. (NTS), in collaboration with Simon Fraser University, has created the world’s first anti-counterfeiting master die. The new master die, also known as master shim, can...
How to Perform Microscopy, Spectroscopy with an iPhone
DAVIS, Calif., Oct. 4, 2011 — Researchers at the University of California, Davis, have transformed everyday iPhones into medical-quality imaging and chemical detection devices. With materials that cost about as much as a typical app, the decked-out smartphones use their...
Laser Remelting Produces Structured Surfaces
AACHEN, Germany, Oct. 4, 2011 — A method of structuring the metallic parts of tool inserts using laser remelting, rather than the more commonly used ablation, has been developed at the Fraunhofer Institute for Laser Technology ILT. This method gives tool manufacturers greater...
StellarNet Launches Spectrometry Contest
TAMPA, Fla., Oct 4, 2011 — Are you an academic researcher with an exciting new project involving spectroscopy, and do you need a free spectrometer system to help achieve this? StellarNet Inc. has launched its STAR Instrument Program, which aims to provide annually a complete...
Light from Nanoparticles Controlled
HOUSTON, Oct. 3, 2011 — Rice University researchers have created a technique to control plasmonic scattering from gold nanoparticles using liquid crystals. The researchers use voltage to sensitively manipulate the alignment of liquid crystal molecules that alternately...
Scanner Reveals Secrets of Ancient Documents
OXFORD, England, Oct. 3, 2011 — A scanner developed at the University of Oxford’s Classics Department is being commercialized by a new company — Oxford Multi Spectral Ltd. — spun out last week by the university’s technology transfer company. Developed...
FBG sensors monitor high-speed rail system
HONG KONG – Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor systems installed along several lengths of China’s fast-expanding high-speed rail system help monitor the safety and structural health of the rails. The FBG sensors, developed at Hong Kong Polytechnic...
Hybrid graphene films could lead to flexible displays
HOUSTON – Graphene-based electrodes could revolutionize touch-screen displays, LED lighting and solar panels, bringing flexible, transparent electronics closer to reality. The thin films created in the lab of Rice University chemist James Tour combine a...
Light antennas assemble themselves
TORONTO – New photosynthesis-inspired nanomaterials can control and direct energy absorbed from light – and can even build themselves into light-harvesting antennas. For years, nanotechnologists have been intrigued by quantum dots, but they have...

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