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Biomimetic Antenna May Transform Solar Devices
ST. LOUIS, Dec. 5, 2011 — A newly developed light-harvesting antenna modeled on the chlorosome found in green bacteria could transform solar-powered devices and give silicon and printed dye photovoltaics a run for their money. The invention of the solar cell in 1941 was inspired by a new understanding of semiconductors — materials that can use light energy to create mobile electrons and an electrical current. Although they both transform the energy from light, silicon solar cells have almost nothing to do...
Laser Imaging Assesses Sunscreen Safety
WASHINGTON, Dec. 2, 2011 — In an attempt to answer safety questions about the use of nanoparticles in sunscreen, a new laser imaging technique has been developed to assess the risks associated with one of sunscreen’s ingredients — zinc oxide (ZnO). Overlay...
"Mirage effect" from carbon nanotubes hides objects
DALLAS — A cloaking device made from sheets of transparent carbon nanotubes takes advantage of the mirage effect — an optical phenomenon in which light rays are bent to produce a displaced image of distant objects or the sky — to make objects...
"Smart" polymer disassembles under low-level NIR irradiation
SAN DIEGO — A unique polymeric material disassembles when exposed to low levels of near-infrared irradiation and is well-tolerated by cells. The new "smart" polymer could be used for noninvasive medical and biological applications. Researchers at the...
Compact terahertz device could improve security screening
EVANSTON, Ill. — Using two mid-infrared laser beams, researchers have finally generated single-chip terahertz radiation at room temperature. The technology could speed up and improve a range of processes, including high-sensitivity biological and chemical analysis,...
Copper nanowires enable cheaper foldable electronics, solar cells
DURHAM, N.C. — Copper nanowires could bring down production costs for electronic displays, foldable electronics and solar cells — helping engineers build more affordable e-readers, iPads, cell phones, photovoltaic panels and more. A new technique...
Improved photosynthesis increases fuel, food production
SWINDON, UK — Overcoming some fundamental limitations of photosynthesis could lead to major increases in crop yields, bioenergy and the production of renewable chemicals, and five new research projects have taken up the cause. The new research complements...
IPhone becomes multipurpose imaging tool
DAVIS, Calif. — Using materials that cost about as much as a typical app, scientists have transformed the everyday iPhone into a medical-quality imaging and chemical-detection device that performs detailed microscopy and spectroscopy. The enhanced device...
Laser remelting produces structured surface designs
AACHEN, Germany — Structuring the metallic surfaces of tool inserts by laser remelting allows manufacturers to more quickly and cost-effectively adapt their production processes to incorporate novel structures and design elements. Unlike laser structuring by...
Microarray chips enhance clinical diagnostics
AACHEN, Germany — A laser-based benchtop system fabricates protein microarray chips for use in clinical diagnostics, enabling doctors to identify tumor markers in blood samples and to detect pathogens responsible for infectious diseases. Microarray chips for...
nQuire software brings science to life for youth
NOTTINGHAM, UK — A software tool kit encourages students to ask questions and look for deeper reasons behind observations, helping them to think and act like real science investigators. The new approach could spark and sustain interest in science and lead today's...
Simple nanoantenna separates colors of light
GOTHENBURG, Sweden — A new nanoantenna directs red and blue colors in opposite directions and could lead to optical nanosensors that can detect very low concentrations of gases or biomolecules. Historically, a structure that is smaller than the wavelength of...
Smart petri dish analyzes cell growth
PASADENA, Calif. — Built from a smartphone, a commercially available cell phone image sensor and some Lego blocks, ePetri isn’t like other petri dishes. The compact, lens-free microscopy imaging platform can track cell cultures and bacteria as they incubate....
Component Simplifies Making All-Optical Chips
CAMBRIDGE, Mass., Nov. 30, 2011 — A recently discovered "diode for light" could enable the creation of photonic chips, paving the way for computing with light. Currently, in most communication systems, data travels via light beams transmitted through optical fibers. Once the...
Cyborg Bugs as First Responders?
ANN ARBOR, Mich., Nov. 30, 2011 — A device that harvests energy from a bug’s movements could allow cyborg insects — rather than humans — to monitor hazardous situations. The principal idea is to harvest the insect’s biological energy from either its body heat...
IR Imaging Assures Rockets Hit Their Targets
ARLINGTON, Va., Nov. 30, 2011 — The Low-Cost Imaging Terminal Seeker (LCITS), a weapon prototype developed by the Office of Naval Research (ONR), successfully hit two high-speed boat targets during a recent test. ONR researchers produced LCITS, a suite of low-cost...
Lasers Heat Electrons to Several Billion Degrees
DRESDEN, Germany, Nov. 30, 2011 — New high-power lasers can accelerate particles such as electrons and ions with intense, short pulses. This finding has attracted the interest of researchers, who are working out the details of the acceleration process that occurs when a laser beam...
Marking 10 Years of Adaptive Optics at the VLT
HEIDELBERG, Germany, Nov. 30, 2011 — In November 2001, the NACO instrument — recently added to the European Southern Observatory’s Very Large Telescope (VLT) in northern Chile — captured its first light. Since then, its ability to bring stellar objects into sharp...
Microscopy Technique Targets Solar Cells
PITTSBURGH, Nov. 30, 2011 — A new take on a microscopy technique could help in the design of more energy-efficient solar cells. Although current plastic solar cells are low in cost and easy to produce, they are not energy-efficient. Researchers at the University of Pittsburgh...
Smarter Way to Make UV Beams
ANN ARBOR, Mich., Nov. 30, 2011 — A better way to build compact ultraviolet (UV) light sources with low power consumption has been discovered using an optimized optical resonator, which could lead to improved information storage, microscopy and chemical analysis. Researchers...
A New Quantum State of Matter Unearthed
PITTSBURGH, Nov. 29, 2011 — Research on topological states to advance quantum computing — a method that harnesses the power of atoms and molecules for computational tasks — has revealed a surprising new topological semi-metal that could change the face of...
Blocked Holes Enhance Light Transmission
PRINCETON, N.J., Nov. 28, 2011 — Placing a metal cap over a small hole in a metal film does not stop light from passing through the hole, but rather enhances its transmission — quite contrary to the conventional thought that blocking a hole would allow less light to pass...
New Lighting Approach Is a Gas
WASHINGTON, Nov. 28, 2011 — Just as in a fluorescent light, a microcavity array (MCA) is energized by an applied voltage. By successfully confining plasma (an ionized gas) in parallel rows of microcavities within thin sheet materials, various implementations of microplasma...
NPP Satellite Acquires First VIIRS Image
GREENBELT, Md., Nov. 28, 2011 — The Visible Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) onboard NASA’s newest Earth-observing satellite has acquired its first measurements, resulting in a high-resolution image of a broad swath of eastern North America from Canada’s Hudson...
TeraTOP Aims to Revolutionize THz Imaging
ZURICH, Nov. 28, 2011 — A true on-chip integrated camera under development will allow wider use of terahertz imaging technology for airline and other security operations. The main objective of the program — dubbed TeraTOP — is to develop a device that can...

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