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Research & Technology News

Light Now in Sight
MUNICH, Jan. 17, 2012 — Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (LMU) chemist Dirk Trauner received a European Research Council (ERC) Advanced Grant for a project based on optochemical genetics. The project’s innovative approach can create artificial photoreceptors by equipping neural receptor molecules with light-sensitive synthetic switching elements. When nerve cells interact with one another, specialized receptor molecules at their surfaces play a key role in relaying signals between them. However,...
Optical Nanoantennas Enable Multipurpose Particle Manipulation
URBANA, Ill., Jan. 16, 2012 — By tuning the properties of laser light illuminating arrays of metal nanoantennas, researchers have shown that these nanoscale structures enable dexterous optical tweezing and size-sorting of particles. In work conducted at the University of...
Growth of Nerve Fiber Directed
ARLINGTON, Texas, & IRVINE, Calif., Jan. 13, 2012 — Laser-driven spinning microparticles can direct the growth of nerve fiber. This discovery that could enable the growth of neuronal networks on a chip and improve methods for treating spinal or brain injuries. The study, which appeared in the...
New Diode Opens Door to Optical Info Processing
WEST LAFAYETTE, Ind., Jan. 12, 2012 — A new type of optical device that is small enough to fit millions on a computer chip could lead to faster, more powerful information processing and supercomputers. The “passive optical diode” developed by scientists in the Birck...
Device Spots Deadly Melanoma, Cell by Cell
COLUMBIA, Mo., Jan. 11, 2012 — A tool based on laser-induced ultrasound technology can detect single melanoma cells in a blood sample at a fraction of the cost of current cancer tests. A prototype developed at the University of Missouri’s Bond Life Sciences Center is now poised...
Seeing Quantum Mechanics with the Naked Eye
CAMBRIDGE, England, Jan. 11, 2012 — A new semiconductor chip converts electrons into a quantum, light-emitting state, yet is large enough to see by the naked eye, a development that could lead to a new generation of ultrasensitive gyroscopes.
Superlens Nears Development, in Theory
HOUGHTON, Mich., Jan. 11, 2012 — Using surface plasmons, metamaterials can be stretched to refract lightwaves from the infrared, visible and ultraviolet wavelengths, a model created at Michigan Technological University suggests. Such materials could be used to build superlenses so...
Time Bandits: Temporal Cloaking Hides Events
ITHACA, N.Y., Jan. 11, 2012 — A new "time cloak" technique is a step toward the development of spatio-temporal cloaking, say engineers at Cornell University. The optical-fiber based system uses a split-time lens to break light into its slower and faster components, creating a...
High-Speed CMOS Sensors Provide Better Images
DUISBURG, Germany, Jan. 5, 2012 — A patented lateral drift field photodetector (LDPD) that boosts the speed of traditional CMOS sensors now can produce better-quality images for low-light applications such as spectroscopy, astronomy and x-ray photography. Certain CMOS...
Semiconductors Etch Easier with New Method
CHAMPAIGN, Ill., Jan. 4, 2012 — A method that chemically etches patterned arrays in the semiconductor gallium arsenide will make high-end optoelectronic devices easier to create. A team of researchers led by Xiuling Li, an electrical and computer engineering professor at the...
‘Plasmonic Nanoantennas’ Promising for Optics
WEST LAFAYETTE, Ind., Jan. 3, 2012 — Arrays of tiny “plasmonic nanoantennas” have been developed that can precisely manipulate light in new ways, potentially enabling optical innovations such as more powerful microscopes, computers and telecommunications. Researchers...
Chemically assembled metamaterials pave way for superlenses
ITHACA, N.Y. – A new metamaterial can self-assemble 3-D structures with nanoscale features, a feat that could make “superlenses” to image proteins, DNA and viruses. Metamaterials offer new ways to manipulate light via negative refractive indices...
Compact laser frequency comb could go places
GAITHERSBURG, Md. – A new compact laser frequency comb is no larger than a shoebox and has a high-quality optical cavity just 2 mm wide. Until now, frequency combs have been delicate lab instruments, bulky – about the size of a suitcase – and challenging to...
Lasers give rise to spider robots for dangerous missions
STUTTGART, Germany – Chemical spill? Gas leak? Mine collapse? Send in the spiders. Laser-based 3-D printing can help fabricate mobile robot spiders that can explore environments considered unreachable by or too hazardous for humans. The prototype robot,...
People warm to white light from four-color diode lasers
ALBUQUERQUE, N.M. – Step aside LEDs, there’s a new light source in town. A new four-color laser source can produce high-quality white light that is appealing to the human eye. LEDs – widely accepted as sturdier, more efficient replacements for...
Piece of energy puzzle could lead to better OLEDs and solar cells
TORONTO – Scientists have put together a couple more pieces of the puzzle to explain how energy levels align in a critical group of advanced materials, which could have implications for developing sustainable technologies such as dye-sensitized solar cells...
Spin lasers could push data into the fast lane
BOCHUM, Germany – A new concept for ultrafast semiconductor lasers uses the intrinsic angular momentum of electrons – also known as spin – to break previous speed barriers, with the potential to achieve modulation frequencies of well above 100 GHz. The...
Super absorber could boost efficiency in solar cells
EVANSTON, Ill. – A new material that absorbs a wide range of wavelengths could lead to more efficient, less expensive solar technology. Solar cells are only as efficient as the amount of sunlight they collect. Unlike a laser, the solar spectrum is “very...
Technology tracks movements of individual athletes
LAUSANNE, Switzerland – In team sports, single players can sometimes get lost on the crowded field. But a new system can follow multiple players at once, even when they’re buried under a pile of bodies in a football tackle or crouching behind another player. The...
Zinc oxide microwires boost LED performance
ATLANTA – Microwires made of zinc oxide can enhance LED performance, improving the efficiency at which LEDs convert electricity into ultraviolet light. LEDs may be the first to be enhanced by the creation of an electrical charge in a piezoelectric material...
Lidar-Based Camera Catches 20,000 Speeders in Five Days
PERTH, Australia, Dec. 30, 2011 — Despite ample warning of its installment, a lidar-based machine vision system on the Mitchell Freeway in Western Australia has caught 20,000 speeders in its first five days of operation. State Traffic Operations Inspector Mark Ridley and...
NIR Lasers in Chile Measure Satellites
DARMSTADT, Germany, Dec. 30, 2011 — The first laser measurements of Galileo operational satellites in orbit have been made from Chile. The Transportable Integrated Geodetic Observatory (TIGO) performed the laser ranging at an altitude of 23,230 km using a near-infrared laser beam. The...
Two-Photon Microscopy Reveals Skin-Allergen Connection
GOTHENBURG, Sweden, Dec. 30, 2011 — Two-photon microscopy has shown that the skin absorbs various substances differently, depending on what they are mixed with. These differences may determine whether a substance causes contact allergy. “We have also been able to identify...
Faster Lasers Sought to Map Jet Engines
SOUTHAMPTON, England, Dec. 29, 2012 — A laser that will help better understand the combustion process in jet engines and reduce emissions and pollution is being developed as part of a research project at the University of Southampton’s Optoelectronics Research Centre (ORC). ...
Flamac, Imec Team to Develop New Solar Materials
LEUVEN, Belgium, Dec. 29, 2011 — The Belgian research centers Imec and Flamac have developed a novel semiconductor material for solar cell applications. The collaborators have been screening materials in search of an alternative to the standard copper indium gallium and selenium...

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