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Ultrafast phase changes observed in graphite
STANFORD, Calif., May 23, 2012 — Graphite once again has been shown to have ground-breaking potential due to its ability to phase change from a liquid to a warm-dense plasma in just 40 fs. Researchers using the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) X-ray Free-Electron Laser (XFEL) at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory at Stanford University used various pulse lengths and spectra to heat a sample of graphite to the point where it would phase change from solid to liquid, and then to a warm-dense plasma. What is remarkable...
Interferometry Advances Black Hole Observations
SANTA BARBARA, Calif., May 22, 2012 — A new technique that combines the light of three powerful infrared telescopes allows astronomers to see objects in that wavelength 130 million light-years away without having to build singularly massive and expensive telescopes specifically designed...
Primate Study Deems QDs Nontoxic — at Least for Short Term
BUFFALO, N.Y., May 22, 2012 — Cadmium-selenide quantum dots are nontoxic to primates over a one-year period, a new study found. The dots could hold great promise as tools for treating and detecting diseases such as cancer through nanomedicine.
Laser Beams Transmitted Via Satellite
BERN, Switzerland, May 21, 2012 — By bouncing a high-power laser beam off an orbiting satellite, observatories in Austria and Switzerland transmitted the beam to each other. Its creators hope to apply the method to space debris detection and targeting in shuttles and other devices...
3-D Laser Scanner Keeps Trains Safe
FREIBURG, Germany, May 21, 2012 — An infrared 3-D laser scanner that mounts on trains or cars can detects obstacles and unsafe conditions on the track or road. A team led by Heinrich Höfler and Harald Wölfelschneider of Fraunhofer Institute for Physical Measurement...
New Metamaterial Creates Practical, Tunable Devices
WEST LAFAYETTE, Ind., May 21, 2012 — A novel metamaterial can easily be integrated into semiconductor electronics, which could advance sensors, solar collectors, quantum computing and optical cloaks, and could lead to devices that make optical microscopes 10 times more powerful. Noble...
MIRI Ready to be Shipped to NASA
HEIDELBERG, Germany, May 18, 2012 — The first instrument for the James Webb Space Telescope was completed by the Max Planck Institute for Astronomy and handed over to NASA.
CMOS Sensor Allows Robots to ID Objects in 3-D
DUISBURG, Germany, May 17, 2012 — A new CMOS sensor implemented in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) gives the aircraft autonomy, improving collision detection as well as enabling 3-D modeling of disaster areas and surveillance targets. Researchers at the Fraunhofer Institute for...
3-D Holography Peers Under Mummy’s Shroud
EDINBURGH, Scotland, May 16, 2012 — Great details of an ancient mummy, including jewelry adorning its inner shroud, have been revealed in color using 3-D holograms. The University of Edinburgh’s Clinical Research Imaging Center (CRIC), in collaboration with Edinburgh-based 3-D...
Laser Pulse Reveals Quantum Phase in Electrons
VIENNA, May 16, 2012 — Events that appear to happen instantaneously now can be resolved to a resolution of 10 attoseconds, enabling scientists to look at phenomena that happens on the order of attoseconds (10-18 s), previously far too fast to measure. Researchers at...
Technique Boosts THz Production
SINGAPORE, May 16, 2012 — A new technique for producing more efficient terahertz radiation could lead the way to more powerful sensing and imaging technologies that can see through opaque materials. The terahertz band of the electromagnetic spectrum has a lot of...
Nanoparticles Coaxed into Self-Assembly
BERKELEY, Calif., May 15, 2012 — A simple and inexpensive technique directs the self-assembly of nanoparticles into device-ready materials and has applications in fields including computer memory storage, energy storage and harvesting, remote sensing, catalysis, light management...
New Solar Material Seeks to Replace Silicon
TURKU, Finland, May 15, 2012 — Silicon solar cells could be replaced by flexible, lightweight and inexpensive dyes, if scientists in Finland achieve their goal. Jongyun Moon and colleagues at the University of Turku have developed dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) and...
SOFIA Completes GREAT Science Flight
STUTTGART, Germany, May 15, 2012 — The German Receiver for Astronomy at Terahertz Frequencies (GREAT) experiment onboard the Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA) has completed its first observations, and scientists at the National Aeronautical and Space...
Artificial Leaf Could Bring Electricity to Developing World
CAMBRIDGE, Mass., May 14, 2012 — The first practical artificial leaf, composed of silicon, nickel and cobalt, can convert sunlight into chemical fuel, a milestone in the drive for sustainable energy that mimics the process of photosynthesis.
Atomic 'Billiards Game' Illuminated by Laser
GARCHING, Germany, May 14, 2012 — An international collaboration has observed the occurrence of nonsequential double ionization in argon atoms. In successfully confining the ionization to a single recollision and excitation event, the process can be traced on attosecond timescales....
Silicon Implant Aims to Restore Sight
STANFORD, Calif., May 14, 2012 — A new type of retinal prosthesis, which uses technology similar to that found in solar cells, could hold the key to those who suffer from degenerative eye diseases like macular degeneration and retinitis pigmentosa. Researchers at the Stanford...
Sugar Cube-Sized Spectrometer Inspects Foodstuffs
DRESDEN, Germany, May 14, 2012 — An inexpensive spectrometer no bigger than a sugar cube could soon help shoppers decide whether the quality of fruits, meats and cheese is suitable for purchase.
Light Used to Switch on Gene Expression
RALEIGH, N.C., May 11, 2012 — A new method that uses light-activated molecules to turn gene expression on and off provides greater precision for studying gene function and could lead to targeted therapies for diseases like cancer.
Microbubble Imaging Wins Nanoengineering Prize
SAN DIEGO, May 11, 2012 — A new “blinking microbubble” technique that images deeper inside the body for improved breast cancer diagnostics has won the grand prize at the University of California, San Diego’s Jacob School of Engineering Research Expo 2012.
Quantum Dots Shine Brighter with Acid
NASHVILLE, Tenn., May 11, 2012 — Vanderbilt University chemists boosted the fluorescence efficiency of white-light quantum dots to 45 percent, a more than tenfold increase.
Imaging Technique Pinpoints Position of Pancreatic Tumors
BERN, Switzerland, May 10, 2012 — A noninvasive way to identify the exact position of very small insulinomas — life-threatening pancreatic tumors — will allow surgeons to successfully remove growths as small as 1 cm in diameter.
Robot Reveals Inner Workings of Brain Cells
ATLANTA, May 10, 2012 — A robotic arm guided by a cell-detecting computer algorithm analyzes and records information from neurons present in the living mouse brain with better accuracy and speed than a human experimenter. The automated method could help scientists classify...
Navy Explores Mobile Solar Power
WASHINGTON, May 9, 2012 — A new mobile solar power prototype that reduces expeditionary energy supply needs could help the US Marine Corps to increase the effectiveness of forward-deployed forces and to decrease vulnerability.
All-Optical Switch Uses a Single Quantum Dot
COLLEGE PARK, Md., May 8, 2012 — An all-optical switch created using a quantum dot placed inside a resonant cavity can switch a beam of light from one direction to another in 120 ps with very little power.

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