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Alternate Packaging Improves White LEDs
Various techniques for boosting the performance of white LEDs are being considered to reach the target of luminous efficacy of 150 lm/W by 2012. Investigators at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute’s Lighting Research Center in Troy, N.Y., have reported that moving the phosphors used to down-convert the photons from a blue LED away from the die yields devices with overall performance 30 to 60 percent better than commercial products. Most commercial LEDs produce white light by down-converting...
Photonics Spectra, July 2005
Cree and Sumitomo Expand Distribution Agreement
LED manufacturer Cree Inc. of Durham, N.C., has announced that Sumitomo Corp. of Tokyo will purchase $200 million of its products during Cree’s fiscal year ending June 2006. The distribution agreement, which is subject to the demands of...
Photonics Spectra, July 2005
Excimer Laser Produces Nanobump Arrays
Two-dimensional arrays of 260-nm-diameter silicon bumps have been fabricated by exposing 1-μm-diameter polystyrene beads on silicon wafers to ultraviolet radiation from a KrF laser. Researchers at East China Normal University in Shanghai and at...
Photonics Spectra, July 2005
Get a Charge, Get a Quantum Dot
Researchers at Harvard University in Cambridge, Mass., have demonstrated carbon nanotube-based quantum dots that can be defined and controlled electrostatically and could be used for quantum computing systems. Previous nanotube-quantum dot...
Photonics Spectra, July 2005
Getting the Picture on Imaging Software
To hear Kyle Voosen tell it, there are really only two places to be when talking about industrial and machine vision applications. Machine vision products manager at National Instruments Corp. in Austin, Texas, Voosen noted that smart cameras and...
Photonics Spectra, July 2005
How Can Quantum Dots Be Used?
Quantum dots are so versatile that most of their applications have not yet been realized. A few in development are: Solar cells. Solar cells made from silicon can be stable and efficient, but they are expensive to make. Solar cells that employ...
Photonics Spectra, July 2005
Making Light from a Grain of Sand
LED manufacturers have been working for years to replace the incandescent light. Among their many challenges is that LEDs dissipate a lot of heat, making them inappropriate for some applications. They also have found it difficult to produce white...
Photonics Spectra, July 2005
Optical Conveyor Belt Transports Submicron Objects
Investigators at the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic in Brno and at the University of St. Andrews in the UK have used a sliding standing wave formed by counterpropagating Bessel beams to trap and move series of tiny polystyrene beads. The...
Photonics Spectra, July 2005
Painting Nanowires Yields High-Speed Circuits
The production of circuits and processors from silicon substrates is expensive, and the required high-temperature fabrication process is not always compatible with a variety of materials. Researchers at Harvard University in Cambridge, Mass., have...
Photonics Spectra, July 2005
Photonic Instrumentation Aids Cosmetic Measurements
As with all manufacturers of colored products, cosmetics companies use specialized measuring instrumentation to assist in quality control. However, cosmetics present unique challenges: Lipsticks and foundation creams are difficult to measure with...
Photonics Spectra, July 2005
Polymer Microlenses Added to Micropixelated UV LED
Proposed applications of LEDs having micron-scale pixel elements include microdisplays and biological and chemical sensors. Now scientists at the University of Strathclyde in Glasgow, UK, have integrated a microlens array and a matrix-addressable,...
Photonics Spectra, July 2005
Quantum Dots and Quantum Wells Go Head-to-Head
In the pursuit of more efficient GaAs-based emitters for telecommunications applications, researchers at Laboratorio Nazionale TASC-INFM and the University of Trieste, both in Italy, have performed a comparison of the photoluminescence of InAsN...
Photonics Spectra, July 2005
Quantum Dots: Small Structures Poised to Break Big
Imagine a mechanical part that can tell when it is worn out. Or an ink that is impossible to counterfeit. Or an infrared paint that can help to distinguish friends from enemies using night-vision equipment. These seemingly unconnected...
Photonics Spectra, July 2005
Quantum-Dot Focal Plane Array Has Two-Color Capability
Mid- (3 to 5 μm) and long-wave (8 to 12 μm) infrared focal plane arrays have found a place in numerous security and military applications that require night-vision capability. Single-color detectors have been common, but monolithic...
Photonics Spectra, July 2005
Raman Lasers Offer Power and Wavelength Versatility
Have you ever wanted to convert your laser to another color at the flick of a switch? Perhaps you are a dermatologist, wanting to quickly move from treating spider veins on the nose to acne or spots of hypopigmentation on sun-damaged cheeks. The...
Photonics Spectra, July 2005
The Pros and Cons of Protected and Surface Coatings for High-Phase-Thickness Applications
Metal salt compounds, or dielectrics, produce thin-film coatings with precise spectral control. Because they are soft and require glass coverslips laminated to the coating substrate to protect them from damage, they are called protected coatings....
Photonics Spectra, July 2005
The US Photonics Job Market
Research on people’s views of their job brings out some interesting perceptions, and this year’s US photonics job salary study is no different. After several years of small gains in salary for most positions, you would expect individuals to be...
Photonics Spectra, July 2005
Understanding Lenses: Aplanats and Achromats
Optics terminology can be confusing, but it is critical to be fluent in the language when searching for and specifying optical components. This is especially true for multielement lenses, the two most basic of which are aplanats and...
Photonics Spectra, July 2005
Virtual Photodetectors: Building Your Own Detector
Photodetectors are available in multiple configurations, with point, quadrant, linear and 2-D arrays being among the better known. These devices offer optimal performance for dedicated tasks, and they require processing and digitizing electronics...
Photonics Spectra, July 2005
Aircraft Inspections Improved with Photonics
At the Federal Aviation Administration’s (FAA) William J. Hughes Technical Center at the Atlantic City International Airport in New Jersey, Robert A. Pappas and others like him sweat the small stuff. Among their other activities, the engineers...
Photonics Spectra, June 2005
Cooling Detectors to Improve Performance: A Look at Applications and Technologies
Thermally induced noise — called dark-current noise in CCDs and Johnson noise in x-ray and gamma-ray detectors — can degrade the signal-to-noise ratio of a detector, impeding detection of weak signals. Cooling a detector reduces the leakage current,...
Photonics Spectra, June 2005
Direct Pumping of Quantum Wells Improves Performance of Semiconductor Thin-Disk Lasers
When the thin-disk laser appeared on the scene more than a decade ago, it was the first solid-state laser capable of efficiently producing a high-optical-quality output in the multikilowatt range.1 Its principle is to use a very thin section of...
Photonics Spectra, June 2005
Femtosecond Laser Prints Biomolecules
Dense, high-resolution patterns of various biological molecules have been fabricated using direct laser printing with a source of 500-fs ultraviolet pulses. Demonstrated at the Foundation for Research and Technology — Hellas’ Institute of Electronic...
Photonics Spectra, June 2005
Filters to Bragg About
The fine spectral processing capability of volume holographic gratings — holographic media where the grating is physically present throughout its volume with a thickness >100 μm — is generating renewed interest for applications in lasers,...
Photonics Spectra, June 2005
Freezing Time in 3-D
In microscopy, researchers strive for better resolution and faster data processing. Piezoelectric positioning devices, which have been used in some form for years, can help them meet these needs. When using a piezoelectric Z-axis positioning...
Photonics Spectra, June 2005
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