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Polymer Could Lead to Improved LCDs
Researchers have shown recently that an external electric field can change the alignment of the polymer MEH-PPV in liquid crystals. This alignment can polarize the light emitted by the liquid crystals in a display, which increases the brightness and contrast, possibly without the need for a second polarizer. Because MEH-PPV, or poly[2-methoxy-5-(2'-ethyl-hexyloxy) -1,4-phenylene vinylene], fluoresces in the visible range, it can be used for color displays. Polarization histograms show...
Photonics Spectra, January 2008
The Chip-on-Board LED Module
Cold-cathode fluorescent lamps still are the industry standard for backlighting color LCD monitors and TVs, even though red, green and blue (RGB) LEDs have been demonstrated to bring benefits. When LEDs are combined with a color-management feedback...
Photonics Spectra, January 2008
The Fuss About Quantum Dots
It is hard to think about a life without semiconductor technology: The entire global information and communications infrastructure is based on semiconductors, and in every one of these applications, size matters. To create computer chips that...
Photonics Spectra, January 2008
Will Changing Machine Vision Standards Cut Costs and Boost Performance?
Upcoming changes in the communications standards that drive machine vision could mean cheaper and more capable setups as well as a greater ability to mix and match hardware and software. Developments throughout the next year in the Camera Link and...
Photonics Spectra, January 2008
Artificial 3-D Quantum Dot Crystal Created
Although quantum dots are being looked at for a growing number of applications, the scale of the nanosize semiconductors continues to make it difficult to arrange them into the precision patterns necessary for applications such as optoelectronics,...
Photonics Spectra, December 2007
Closing in on Photonics Large-Scale Integration
The introduction of very large scale integration dramatically cut the cost of electronic devices, driving the development of a wide range of new products. Efforts to bring the benefits of large-scale integration to the photonics sector have proved...
Photonics Spectra, December 2007
Coal mine Safety
According to the latest official mining statistics, from 2003 to 2006, more than 20,000 people died from coal mining accidents in China. Death tolls are at levels of four persons per billion tons mined per year compared with the US level of 0.04. As...
Photonics Spectra, December 2007
Different Chemistry at an Icy Edge
Clearing up the atmospheric impact of salting roads and sidewalks is one possible outcome of recent research exploring the quasiliquid layer found at the interface between air and ice. Another possible outcome could be a better understanding of the...
Photonics Spectra, December 2007
Fiber Makes Inroads in Stress/Strain Measurement
Demand for increasingly sophisticated measurement tools is on the rise in oil and gas as well as in civil-structure industries, among others. Traditional test equipment has included strain gauges and load cells, but fiber optic technologies recently...
Photonics Spectra, December 2007
High-Brightness Multilayer Optical Film Light Source
Liquid crystal on silicon projection systems are used in rear- and front-projection television, and in head-mounted displays, and they have the potential to be used in nanoprojectors. They are built on silicon wafers with a reflective plane and,...
Photonics Spectra, December 2007
Metal-Coated Fibers
Glass optical fibers typically are manufactured with a polymer buffer or coating that protects the glass from scratches that would severely reduce the inherent strength of the fiber. Polymer coatings have been used for more than 25 years in the...
Photonics Spectra, December 2007
Multiphoton, Multifocal Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging
One multiphoton microscope is good, but more can be better, especially when it comes to speed. A team of researchers has combined multifocal, multiphoton excitation with time-correlated single-photon-counting detection to increase the image...
Photonics Spectra, December 2007
Opening Optical Fibers Without Sacrificing Robustness
Access to the core of an optical fiber is required for many applications, including evanescent wave sensing. Direct access to the core of conventional optical fibers has been achieved typically by removing the fiber cladding by etching or by...
Photonics Spectra, December 2007
Organic Thin-Film Solar Cell Research at Stanford University
Although extremely simple in concept, successful photovoltaic devices for solar energy production will require the optimization of many different parameters involving material electron donor properties, electrode configurations, substrate mechanics...
Photonics Spectra, December 2007
Rear-Projection Helps New Avionics Displays Fit into Old Cockpits
A plane’s cockpit is a tight space, full of displays that are rectangular, square, circular, trapezoidal or something else, all of which convey vital information to the pilot. Because most displays in use today are based on older technology,...
Photonics Spectra, December 2007
Silicon Nanowires Show Promise for Solar Applications
As the search continues for efficient and inexpensive materials to harvest solar energy, investigators at MIT in Cambridge have found that silicon nanowire arrays may offer some advantages over the more established thin-film...
Photonics Spectra, December 2007
Silicon Photomultiplier Detectors for Low-Light Detection
Low-light detectors and multidetector imagers enable a wide range of applications, including cell imaging, biodiagnostic instrumentation, semiconductor wafer inspection, particle counting, nuclear medicine, radiation detection and quantum...
Photonics Spectra, December 2007
The Common Thread
The telecommunications industry was the first market to use fiber optic components and devices in high volume. The expertise gained by bringing fiber optic components and devices to the performance and reliability levels needed now can be applied in...
Photonics Spectra, December 2007
The Illuminated Laser Warning Sign
The traffic light is a universally recognized device (except perhaps by the severely color-blind). Green means proceed through the intersection — it is safe; red means stop — danger; and yellow means (no, it doesn’t mean hurry up and beat the red)...
Photonics Spectra, December 2007
Uncovering the Best Way to Turn Dull Wood Pulp into Bright Paper
When making paper, manufacturers typically use hydrogen peroxide to bleach the processed wood pulp, thus brightening the final product. To avoid delignifying the pulp — reducing the pulp yield and destroying the fibers that provide strength — the...
Photonics Spectra, December 2007
Using Software to Validate Assumptions in Projector Design
Designers often are faced with the daunting task of translating vague requirements for a complex device into a set of design specifications for individual components. Then they must use those specifications to create a working design. Each decision...
Photonics Spectra, December 2007
UV LED Created with Nanorod Heterostructures
Vertically aligned nanorod arrays that exhibit strong near-ultraviolet emission have been created by researchers seeking to simplify the LED fabrication process. Sung Jin An and Gyu-Chul Yi of the National CRI Center for Semiconductor Nanorods...
Photonics Spectra, December 2007
A New Approach to Adaptive Optics for Materials Processing
When it comes to shaping the intensity patterns or wavefronts of light, fixed lenses are convenient, but often the need for frequent reshaping requires adaptive optical elements. There are a number of such active technologies, each with advantages...
Photonics Spectra, November 2007
Advances in Camera Phone Picture Quality
As camera phones become ubiquitous, consumer demand for a photographic experience similar to that of traditional digital cameras is growing. Coupled with the ready availability of high-definition displays, this need has translated into a requirement...
Photonics Spectra, November 2007
Big Challenges of Small Pixels
The burgeoning camera phone market is creating a growing need for very compact high-megapixel sensors. Highly shrunken pixel designs for such sensors present challenges such as reducing pixel crosstalk and color disparity, eliminating image lag and...
Photonics Spectra, November 2007
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